Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

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Directional Planes of the BodySagittal plane Any vertical section of the body which divides it into right andleft portions.Midsagittal plane A vertical section at the midline of the body such that the(Median) body is divided into equal right and left halves.Frontal plane A vertical section of the body dividing it into front(Coronal) (anterior) and back (posterior) portions.Transverse plane Any horizontal section of the body dividing it into upper and(Horizontal)lower portions.Cavities of the BodyThe spaces within the body which contain the internal organs are called the body cavities. Thereare two main body cavities: the dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity (see Figure 1B).• The dorsal cavity is divided into:The cranial cavity containing the brain and the vertebral cavity containing the spinal cord.Protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord are called meninges.• The ventral cavity is divided by the diaphragm into:The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.The thoracic cavity is subdivided into the right and left pleural portions and thepericardial portion. The pleural portions contain the lungs covered by serous membranescalled pleurae. The pericardial portion encompasses the heart. In addition to the heart,the area between the lungs (called mediastinum) contains the trachea, esophagus,thymus, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels and nodes.The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the abdorninalportion containing the liver,gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small and large intestines, kidneys, ureters; andthe pelvic portion containing the bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon, and reproductiveorgans. Supportive and protective serous membranes covering these organs areclassified, in general, as peritoneum.10
(Tranmve_8o view) (SaaLqtsL v_ow)Figure lB. MAIN BODY CAVITIES11
Page 2 and 3: SEER ProgramSelf Instructional Manu
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTSBOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RE
Page 6 and 7: ILLUSTRATIONS(Figures 1-82, cont'd)
Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPortions of Book 4
Page 11: SECTIONAOBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF B
Page 15: BSECTIONBTERMS USED TO INDICATE BOD
Page 20 and 21: Relative Positional and Directional
Page 22 and 23: Figure 3. ANATOMIC DIVISIONSOF THE
Page 24 and 25: Answers to Practical ExerciseNote t
Page 27: SECTIONCTHE INTEGUMENTARYSYSTEM19
Page 30 and 31: EpidermisThe epidermis (Figure 4A)
Page 33 and 34: Q1a. What are the two primary layer
Page 35: Epidermis is epithelial tissue deri
Page 38 and 39: Answer:Q2The three glands of the sk
Page 41 and 42: Q3Q4Accessory skin organs are found
Page 43 and 44: Benign TumorsThere is a large group
Page 45 and 46: Q5 Match the malignant tumors of th
Page 47 and 48: MalignantMelanomaMalignant melanoma
Page 49: The description of the level 1 of i
Page 52 and 53: Q9"Clark's Classification" of malig
Page 54 and 55: Lymphatic Drainage of the SkinThe l
Page 57 and 58: Q10Match the regions of the skin on
Page 59: SECTIONTHE LYMPHATICDSYSTEM51
Page 62 and 63: T-Cells Versus B-CeilsThe two princ
Page 64 and 65: Answer:Q1The lymphatic system colle
Page 66 and 67: Figures 8A-8B. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE O
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Answer:Q3The lymphatic system colle
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Lymph nodes accomplish two separate
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Q6The lymph nodes have two main fun
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SpleenThe spleen, the largest lymph
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Q9Match each lymphatic organ or tis
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LymphaticDrainageLymph nodes, most
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Answer:QllLymphatics tend to parall
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Q14A general term for lymph nodes l
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Lymph Nodes of the ThoraxThe lymph
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Answer:Q18Lymph nodes of the thorax
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Q20Lymph nodes of the abdomen may a
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Lymph Nodes of Upper and Lower Extr
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Answer:Q22c 1. Popliteal Heela 2. A
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Hodgkin's disease. The histologic c
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Answer:Q23Benign tumors of lymphoid
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Extralymphatic/ExtranodalSitesLymph
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Answer:Q27Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas m
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TilE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMIonatod
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFigure 14D. BLOOD
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Answer:Q1The cardiovascular system
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The heart lies in a loose-fitting s
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106
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Answer:Q5The heart has four chamber
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Answer:QIODeoxygenated blood from t
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Portal System (portal circulation)V
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Answer:QllThe three kinds of blood
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116
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Answer:QlgThe three main types of b
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120
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Answer:Q18White blood cells which a
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DEVELOPMENTOF WHITE BLOOD CELLSStem
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Answer:Q20Malignant diseases of the
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Answer:Q25b 1. Leukemia An uncontro
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130
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132
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Answer:Q1The parts of the respirato
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136
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Answer:Q41. Serves as a passageway
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140
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Answer:Q7The pharynx can be divided
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The larynx can be divided into thre
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146
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Answer:Q10The three single cartilag
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150
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Answer:Q14The windpipe or trachea s
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The lungs provide a place where lar
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Answer:Q16The main bronchus, pulmon
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Clinical ManifestationsClinical man
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Answer:Q19The interpleural space ma
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Answer:Q24_g_ 1. Exchange of oxygen
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Esophagus-RectumP
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The organs of the digestive system
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Answer:Q1The main organs of the dig
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• Lips. The lips form the upper a
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Answer:Q5The lip consists of an exp
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Malignant TumorsMalignant lesions a
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Answer:Q8The tongue is composed of
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• Gums (gingiva). The gums are fo
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Answer:Qllb__ 1. GumMucosal coverin
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182
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Answer:Q12The palate is the roof of
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186
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Answer:Q18The major salivary glands
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190
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Answer:Q21c 1. Gum Retropharyngeala
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Oropharynx. The air and food passag
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196
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Answer:Q23Another name for the hypo
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Answer:Q25a__ 1. HypopharynxServes
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Answer:Q28a. Tonsillar pillar - Oro
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Figure 31. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ESOP
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206
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Answer:Q30The esophagus extends fro
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The medial border of the stomach is
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Q33The stomach lies just below thei
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Answer:Q33The stomach lies just bel
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216
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Answer:Q38The small intestine is ab
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The large intestine receives the fl
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Malignantand Benign TumorsThe usual
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224
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Answer:Q41The large intestine is ab
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Answer:Q433. The ileocolic lymph no
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Metastatic tumors involving the liv
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Answer:Q45The most common primary t
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234
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Answer: 046The function of the gall
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238
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Answer:Q48.The pancreas plays an im
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Figure 39. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE U
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The microscopic structure of the re
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Answer:Q1The urinary system consist
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Figure 41. A NEPHRON_ Otomes_JLus_;
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250
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Answer:Q4The blood is circulated th
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254
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Answer:Q8The regional lymph node dr
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258
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Answer:Q12The tube which carries ur
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URINARY BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS AND U
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Malignant TumorsBladder cancer is t
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Answer:Q14The urinary bladder is a
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Q18Theis a membranous tube which co
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Answer:Q18The urethra is a membrano
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Figure 44.FEMALE PELVIS (frontal vi
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CORPUSUTERII I _ 'PRIMARY] ENDOMETR
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Answer:Q1The female reproductiveorg
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• Choriocarcinoma, a highly malig
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Answer:Q6For corpus uteri you might
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FallopiantubesThe fallopian tubes,
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Answer:Q7b 1. Uterus Pear-shaped mu
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Q8Name the three openings of the ut
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Answer: 08In naming the three openi
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Regional Lymph NodesThe regional ly
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6. Vaginal orifice f. Glands that s
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Answer:Q14The vagina is situated be
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296
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298
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Answer:Q19The breasts overlie the p
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A tumor specified as "subareolar" i
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Answer:Q22One of the first and most
Page 314 and 315:
306
Page 316 and 317:
ANSWERS TO REVIEW TESTd 1. Gonads i
Page 318 and 319:
310
Page 320 and 321:
Answer:Q25The male gonads consist o
Page 322 and 323:
314
Page 324 and 325:
Answer:Q27c 1. Epididymis Tube loca
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Figure 51. PROSTATE GLAND (frontal
Page 328 and 329:
Answer:Q29b 1. Prostate Gland which
Page 330 and 331:
RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lym
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324
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Answer:Q30Male hormones are produce
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Figure 53. ENDOCRINEGLANDS328
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• Prolactin (luteotrophic hormone
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Parathyroid GlandThere are four par
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Thymus GlandThe thymus gland is loc
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Q2Match the hormone on the left wit
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Answer:Q1d 1. Hormones Organic secr
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340
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Figure 58.AXIAL SKELETONSkuLl.342
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344
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Answer:Q1The skeletal system is com
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348
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Answer:Q4One characteristic which d
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352
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Answer:Q8The purpose of the sesamoi
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Structure of BoneEach long bone of
Page 366 and 367:
Answer:QllThe numbered parts of the
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Facial bones. The facial bones are
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Figure 65. BONES OF THE THORAX Figu
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Q17Match the bones on the left with
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Figure 67. APPENDICULARSKELETON366
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Malignant TumorsBone is derived fro
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Q20Sites from which metastases to b
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Q22Match the description on the lef
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Answer:Q21c 1. Angiosarcoma A malig
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Figure 68.MUSCLE TYPES376
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Figure 69. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
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Answer:Q1The three types of muscle
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382
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Answer:Q61. True Malignant tumors o
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• Supinators turn the palm upward
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Answer:Q8The three general function
Page 398 and 399:
Answer:Q11Match the muscle groups o
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392
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Figure 70.NERVE CELL (neuron)394
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Answer:Q1The central nervous system
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Figure 71.CEREBRUMCEREBRUMC_ere_etr
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400
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Figure 74 CRANIAL NERVES402
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MalignantTumorsGliomas are tumors o
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406
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Answer:Q6Match each term on the lef
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410
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412
Page 422 and 423:
Answer:Q1The five major sensesof th
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416
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Answer:Q3The three layers which com
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420
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Answer:Q5The eyeball/s not a solid
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424
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Answer:Q8Name the lymph nodes which
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Figure 80. TONGUE: Areas of tasteUv
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Answer:QllReceptors for the sense o
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Malignant TumorsTumors of the nasal
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Answer:Q13The nasal fossa is divide
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Regional Lymph NodesThe lymphatics
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Answer:Q16b 1. External ear Made up
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440
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HISTOLOGIC TYPE PRIMARY SITELeukemi
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444
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DETERMINATION OF SUBSEQUENT PRIMARI
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
470
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OTHER ICD-O-2 CODES TO BE CONSIDERE
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474
Page 484 and 485:
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)Paul,
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478
Page 488 and 489:
Adenocarcinoma (continued)Primary s
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Arteries (see also Vessels) (contin
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Blood (see also Cardiovascular syst
Page 494 and 495:
Bone tissue (osseous, vascular tiss
Page 496 and 497:
Breast (mammary gland) (continued)H
Page 498 and 499:
Cartilage (nonvascular tissue) (con
Page 500 and 501:
Cerebrum (forebrain, telencephalon)
Page 502 and 503:
Cortisol, 329, 333, 336, 338Cortiso
Page 504 and 505:
Ducts (see also Endocrine system an
Page 506 and 507:
Estradiol, 281Estrogen-producing ca
Page 508 and 509:
Follicular adenocarcinoma, 331, 337
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Glycogen, 229Gonadotrophic hormone
Page 512 and 513:
Histologic type of cancer, 439-441H
Page 514 and 515:
Integumentary system (skin) (contin
Page 516 and 517:
Kidney (see also Urinary system) (c
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Leukocyte (WBC),Agranular, 119B-Cel
Page 520 and 521:
Luteal cell, 281Luteinizing hormone
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Lymph nodes (continued)Perivesical,
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Lymphoma (continued)Nasopharynx (ph
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Metastases (continued)Lymph node, 6
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Muscle (see also Muscular system) (
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Nervous system, Cranial (continued)
Page 532 and 533:
Ovary (female gonad), 273, 281,285,
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Peripheral nervous system, 393, 396
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Prostate (continued)Urethra (prosta
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Salivary gland (see also Parotid, S
Page 540 and 541:
Skull (diploe), 351, 354, 356, 359,
Page 542 and 543:
Sulcus,Buccal, 178Nasolabial, 39Sup
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Tibia (shin bone), 351, 369Tumors o
Page 546 and 547:
Tumor (see also specific histologic
Page 548 and 549:
Urethra (female, male) (continued)L
Page 550 and 551:
Vertebral cavity, 10Vertebral colum
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