Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

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Answer:Q30The esophagus extends from the pharynx to the stomach and can be divided into fouranatomic segments:1. Cervical2. Upper thoracic portion3. Mid-thoracic4. Lower thoracic portion, including abdominalAnswer:Q31The esophagus passes through the diaphragm (or hiatus in the diaphragm) in its descentfrom the thoracic cavity to the abdominal cavity.Answer:Q32The three main tissue layers of the wall of the esophagus are:1. Mucosa2. Submucosa3. Musculature (muscularis propria)Remember there is no serosa on the esophagus, only an adventitia of loose connectivetissue.208
StomachThe stomach lies just below the diaphragm in the upper part of the abdominal cavity primarily tothe left of the midline under a portion of the liver. Factors which influence the precise location arefood ingestion and respiration (inspiration and expiration). Food leaves the esophagus and entersinto this elongated pouch-like structure by way of the cardiac orifice. The role of the stomach is themixing of food with gastric secretions by way of peristalsis to <strong>for</strong>m chyme 1 and the ejection of thechyme into the small intestine.The main divisions of the stomach (Figure 34, below) are the cardia, the fundus (<strong>for</strong>nix), the body(corpus), and the antrum:• The cardia is the portion of the stomach surrounding the cardioesophageal junction, or cardiacorifice (the opening of the esophagus into the stomach).• The fundus is the enlarged portion to the left and above the cardiac orifice.• The body, or corpus, is the central part of the stomach.• Thepyloric antrum is the lower or distal portion above the duodenum. The opening betweenthe stomach and the small intestine is the pylorus, and the very powerful sphincter whichregulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum is called the pyloric sphincter.Figure 34. STOMACH AND ADJOINING STRUCTURESC_r d Jl.ac: orificeBmoPh'au" _---_ j I ]/ / / Pue, clumlop&tL¢ nod@Is r (Lo_t pmtric) nodom?.LmTf.l • AI ¢ Inodo •x.,/PyLor I antrumlchyme--The fluid content of the stomach after food has undergone gastric digestion.209
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SEER ProgramSelf Instructional Manu
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CONTENTSBOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RE
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ILLUSTRATIONS(Figures 1-82, cont'd)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPortions of Book 4
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SECTIONAOBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF B
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BSECTIONBTERMS USED TO INDICATE BOD
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Directional Planes of the BodySagit
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Relative Positional and Directional
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Figure 3. ANATOMIC DIVISIONSOF THE
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Answers to Practical ExerciseNote t
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SECTIONCTHE INTEGUMENTARYSYSTEM19
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EpidermisThe epidermis (Figure 4A)
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Q1a. What are the two primary layer
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Epidermis is epithelial tissue deri
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Answer:Q2The three glands of the sk
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Q3Q4Accessory skin organs are found
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Benign TumorsThere is a large group
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Q5 Match the malignant tumors of th
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MalignantMelanomaMalignant melanoma
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The description of the level 1 of i
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Q9"Clark's Classification" of malig
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Lymphatic Drainage of the SkinThe l
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Q10Match the regions of the skin on
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SECTIONTHE LYMPHATICDSYSTEM51
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T-Cells Versus B-CeilsThe two princ
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Answer:Q1The lymphatic system colle
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Figures 8A-8B. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE O
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Answer:Q3The lymphatic system colle
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Lymph nodes accomplish two separate
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Q6The lymph nodes have two main fun
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SpleenThe spleen, the largest lymph
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Q9Match each lymphatic organ or tis
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LymphaticDrainageLymph nodes, most
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Answer:QllLymphatics tend to parall
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Q14A general term for lymph nodes l
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Lymph Nodes of the ThoraxThe lymph
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Answer:Q18Lymph nodes of the thorax
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Q20Lymph nodes of the abdomen may a
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Lymph Nodes of Upper and Lower Extr
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Answer:Q22c 1. Popliteal Heela 2. A
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Hodgkin's disease. The histologic c
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Answer:Q23Benign tumors of lymphoid
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Extralymphatic/ExtranodalSitesLymph
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Answer:Q27Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas m
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TilE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMIonatod
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFigure 14D. BLOOD
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Answer:Q1The cardiovascular system
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The heart lies in a loose-fitting s
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106
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Answer:Q5The heart has four chamber
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Answer:QIODeoxygenated blood from t
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Portal System (portal circulation)V
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Answer:QllThe three kinds of blood
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Answer:QlgThe three main types of b
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120
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Answer:Q18White blood cells which a
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DEVELOPMENTOF WHITE BLOOD CELLSStem
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Answer:Q20Malignant diseases of the
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Answer:Q25b 1. Leukemia An uncontro
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130
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132
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Answer:Q1The parts of the respirato
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136
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Answer:Q41. Serves as a passageway
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140
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Answer:Q7The pharynx can be divided
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The larynx can be divided into thre
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146
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Answer:Q10The three single cartilag
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150
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Answer:Q14The windpipe or trachea s
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The lungs provide a place where lar
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Answer:Q16The main bronchus, pulmon
Page 166 and 167: Clinical ManifestationsClinical man
Page 168 and 169: Answer:Q19The interpleural space ma
Page 170 and 171: Answer:Q24_g_ 1. Exchange of oxygen
Page 172 and 173: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Esophagus-RectumP
Page 174 and 175: The organs of the digestive system
Page 176 and 177: Answer:Q1The main organs of the dig
Page 178 and 179: • Lips. The lips form the upper a
Page 180 and 181: Answer:Q5The lip consists of an exp
Page 182 and 183: Malignant TumorsMalignant lesions a
Page 184 and 185: Answer:Q8The tongue is composed of
Page 186 and 187: • Gums (gingiva). The gums are fo
Page 188 and 189: Answer:Qllb__ 1. GumMucosal coverin
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Page 192 and 193: Answer:Q12The palate is the roof of
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Page 196 and 197: Answer:Q18The major salivary glands
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Page 200 and 201: Answer:Q21c 1. Gum Retropharyngeala
Page 202 and 203: Oropharynx. The air and food passag
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Page 206 and 207: Answer:Q23Another name for the hypo
Page 208 and 209: Answer:Q25a__ 1. HypopharynxServes
Page 210 and 211: Answer:Q28a. Tonsillar pillar - Oro
Page 212 and 213: Figure 31. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ESOP
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Page 218 and 219: The medial border of the stomach is
Page 220 and 221: Q33The stomach lies just below thei
Page 222 and 223: Answer:Q33The stomach lies just bel
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Page 226 and 227: Answer:Q38The small intestine is ab
Page 228 and 229: The large intestine receives the fl
Page 230 and 231: Malignantand Benign TumorsThe usual
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Page 234 and 235: Answer:Q41The large intestine is ab
Page 236 and 237: Answer:Q433. The ileocolic lymph no
Page 238 and 239: Metastatic tumors involving the liv
Page 240 and 241: Answer:Q45The most common primary t
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Page 244 and 245: Answer: 046The function of the gall
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Page 248 and 249: Answer:Q48.The pancreas plays an im
Page 250 and 251: Figure 39. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE U
Page 252 and 253: The microscopic structure of the re
Page 254 and 255: Answer:Q1The urinary system consist
Page 256 and 257: Figure 41. A NEPHRON_ Otomes_JLus_;
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Page 260 and 261: Answer:Q4The blood is circulated th
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Page 264 and 265: Answer:Q8The regional lymph node dr
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258
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Answer:Q12The tube which carries ur
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URINARY BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS AND U
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Malignant TumorsBladder cancer is t
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Answer:Q14The urinary bladder is a
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Q18Theis a membranous tube which co
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Answer:Q18The urethra is a membrano
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Figure 44.FEMALE PELVIS (frontal vi
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CORPUSUTERII I _ 'PRIMARY] ENDOMETR
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Answer:Q1The female reproductiveorg
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• Choriocarcinoma, a highly malig
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Answer:Q6For corpus uteri you might
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FallopiantubesThe fallopian tubes,
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Answer:Q7b 1. Uterus Pear-shaped mu
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Q8Name the three openings of the ut
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Answer: 08In naming the three openi
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Regional Lymph NodesThe regional ly
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6. Vaginal orifice f. Glands that s
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Answer:Q14The vagina is situated be
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296
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298
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Answer:Q19The breasts overlie the p
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A tumor specified as "subareolar" i
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Answer:Q22One of the first and most
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306
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ANSWERS TO REVIEW TESTd 1. Gonads i
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310
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Answer:Q25The male gonads consist o
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314
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Answer:Q27c 1. Epididymis Tube loca
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Figure 51. PROSTATE GLAND (frontal
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Answer:Q29b 1. Prostate Gland which
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RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lym
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324
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Answer:Q30Male hormones are produce
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Figure 53. ENDOCRINEGLANDS328
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• Prolactin (luteotrophic hormone
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Parathyroid GlandThere are four par
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Thymus GlandThe thymus gland is loc
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Q2Match the hormone on the left wit
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Answer:Q1d 1. Hormones Organic secr
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340
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Figure 58.AXIAL SKELETONSkuLl.342
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344
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Answer:Q1The skeletal system is com
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348
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Answer:Q4One characteristic which d
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352
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Answer:Q8The purpose of the sesamoi
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Structure of BoneEach long bone of
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Answer:QllThe numbered parts of the
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Facial bones. The facial bones are
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Figure 65. BONES OF THE THORAX Figu
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Q17Match the bones on the left with
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Figure 67. APPENDICULARSKELETON366
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Malignant TumorsBone is derived fro
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Q20Sites from which metastases to b
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Q22Match the description on the lef
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Answer:Q21c 1. Angiosarcoma A malig
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Figure 68.MUSCLE TYPES376
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Figure 69. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
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Answer:Q1The three types of muscle
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382
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Answer:Q61. True Malignant tumors o
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• Supinators turn the palm upward
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Answer:Q8The three general function
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Answer:Q11Match the muscle groups o
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392
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Figure 70.NERVE CELL (neuron)394
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Answer:Q1The central nervous system
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Figure 71.CEREBRUMCEREBRUMC_ere_etr
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400
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Figure 74 CRANIAL NERVES402
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MalignantTumorsGliomas are tumors o
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406
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Answer:Q6Match each term on the lef
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410
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412
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Answer:Q1The five major sensesof th
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416
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Answer:Q3The three layers which com
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420
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Answer:Q5The eyeball/s not a solid
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424
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Answer:Q8Name the lymph nodes which
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Figure 80. TONGUE: Areas of tasteUv
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Answer:QllReceptors for the sense o
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Malignant TumorsTumors of the nasal
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Answer:Q13The nasal fossa is divide
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Regional Lymph NodesThe lymphatics
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Answer:Q16b 1. External ear Made up
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440
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HISTOLOGIC TYPE PRIMARY SITELeukemi
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444
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DETERMINATION OF SUBSEQUENT PRIMARI
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470
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OTHER ICD-O-2 CODES TO BE CONSIDERE
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474
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)Paul,
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478
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Adenocarcinoma (continued)Primary s
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Arteries (see also Vessels) (contin
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Blood (see also Cardiovascular syst
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Bone tissue (osseous, vascular tiss
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Breast (mammary gland) (continued)H
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Cartilage (nonvascular tissue) (con
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Cerebrum (forebrain, telencephalon)
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Cortisol, 329, 333, 336, 338Cortiso
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Ducts (see also Endocrine system an
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Estradiol, 281Estrogen-producing ca
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Follicular adenocarcinoma, 331, 337
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Glycogen, 229Gonadotrophic hormone
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Histologic type of cancer, 439-441H
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Integumentary system (skin) (contin
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Kidney (see also Urinary system) (c
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Leukocyte (WBC),Agranular, 119B-Cel
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Luteal cell, 281Luteinizing hormone
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Lymph nodes (continued)Perivesical,
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Lymphoma (continued)Nasopharynx (ph
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Metastases (continued)Lymph node, 6
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Muscle (see also Muscular system) (
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Nervous system, Cranial (continued)
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Ovary (female gonad), 273, 281,285,
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Peripheral nervous system, 393, 396
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Prostate (continued)Urethra (prosta
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Salivary gland (see also Parotid, S
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Skull (diploe), 351, 354, 356, 359,
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Sulcus,Buccal, 178Nasolabial, 39Sup
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Tibia (shin bone), 351, 369Tumors o
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Tumor (see also specific histologic
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Urethra (female, male) (continued)L
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Vertebral cavity, 10Vertebral colum
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