Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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This appendix describes the sources of data and the methodology used in theevaluation.Data Sources and LimitationsThe evaluation focuses on fiscal years (FY) 2001 to 2011. It covers the youthemployment-relevant portfolio of closed and ongoing operations approvedsince FY01, relevant economic and sector work (ESW), and the World Bankand IFC’s engagement in the youth employment dialogue at the countrylevel. Much of the World Bank Group’s work on youth employment is of recentnature, thus the evaluation has a strong formative and prospective focus.Evidence from a variety sources has been collected:• A literature review of evaluations of job creation, including youth, andprojects that have involved the private sector.• A portfolio review of IFC’s projects with explicit objectives of jobcreation or skills upgrading, and IFC investments in education. A reviewof relevant IFC project self- and independent assessments, includingProject Completion Reports (PCRs), Extended Project Supervision Reports(XPSRs), and the Development Outcome Tracking System (DOTS).• A portfolio review of 90 Bank loans (investment and policy-based)directly supporting youth employment programs.• A review of 21 Economic and Sector Work (ESW) reports with ananalytical focus on youth employment.• Eighteen purposefully selected country case studies, five of whichwere field studies, and 13 in-depth desk studies. Case studies involvedextensive document review and interviews with World Bank Group staff,management, other donors, and clients.• A systematic review of 38 impact evaluations of youth employmentprograms. This review examines evidence on what works in which context,and under what circumstances.• Project Performance Assessment Reports (PPARs) on post-primaryeducation in Chile, Colombia, Egypt, India, Jordan, Sri Lanka, Yemen,and Zambia.• An electronic survey of Bank task team leaders of youth employmentoperations and ESW products included in this evaluation to better understandBank and country support to promote youth employment.• Semi-structured key informant interviews with a randomly selectedsmall group of Bank directors and chief economists. The objective was toidentify common issues and concerns for the evaluation. The field-basedcountry case studies and PPARs provided opportunities to interview keystakeholders among government and private sector representatives anddonors.68 Youth Employment Programs
Identification and Analysis of the World Bank LendingPortfolioIdentification. All IBRD and IDA projects are coded by the originating unitusing a standard set of codes for sectors and themes. Project coding is verifiedduring the project approval process by the Bank teams. To identify theyouth employment portfolio, IEG searched all active and closed investmentand policy operations approved between FY01–FY11 containing the sector ortheme codes listed in table B.1. That search identified 1,585 operations withthe relevant codes.The search software “Atlas TI” was then used to review the objectives,components, and research frameworks of the 1,585 projects to select thoseprojects directly supporting youth employment. Projects were retained forfurther review if their development objectives or components containedany of the following search terms: vocational training, skills building, skillsdevelopment, school-to-work transition, active labor market policies, labormarket policies, wage subsidies, employment service, job search assistance,public works, youth employment, youth unemployment, self-employment,entrepreneurs, micro-enterprise development, investment climate, firms, orjob creation. This review produced a list of 140 projects for additional detaileddocument review, distributed as shown in table B.2.Table B.1SectorSector CodeSector and Theme Codes Used to Identify Youth Employment ProjectsEducationVocationaltraining(n=89)Social protectionand riskmanagementTheme code Improving labormarkets (n=149)Agriculture andrural development(n=767)Rural marketsRural non-farmincome generationRural policies andinstitutionsRural services andinfrastructureOther ruraldevelopmentSocialdevelopment,gender, andinclusion(n= 418)Participation andcivic engagementConflict preventionand post-conflictreconstructionGenderIndigenous peoplesSocial analysis andmonitoringInnovation, technology,and entrepreneurshippracticeMicro, small and mediumenterprise support (n=162)Source: World Bank data.Other socialdevelopmentAppendix B: Evaluation Data Sources and Methods 69
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Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
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IEG management and colleagues provi
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Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
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implemented 12 of the 90 operations
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Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
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• Help countries design intervent
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support to youth employment program
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tive rules on hiring and firing as
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Management Action RecordIEG Finding
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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Report to the Board from the Commit
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could have focused more on the lack
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• Chapter Highlights• High yout
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and can afford to wait for a better
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ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
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ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
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Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
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The strength and openness of the ec
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Interventions to Address Youth Empl
Page 53 and 54: commitments by the International Ba
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Page 58 and 59: • the substitution effect of bett
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
Page 63 and 64: school dropouts early. Learning opp
Page 65 and 66: evaluations on what works best to p
Page 67 and 68: Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
Page 69: Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
Page 72 and 73: • Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Page 78 and 79: facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
Page 80 and 81: awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
Page 82 and 83: • Comparing the interventions ana
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Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5Recommendations
Page 89: farm self-employment and employment
Page 92 and 93: This appendix presents the factors
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Page 96 and 97: Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
Page 98 and 99: Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
Page 100 and 101: Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
Page 103: Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
Page 107 and 108: • Making the labor market work be
Page 109 and 110: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 111 and 112: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 113 and 114: Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
Page 115 and 116: Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
Page 117 and 118: ment, Private Sector Development, a
Page 119 and 120: Other evaluations with outcome meas
Page 121 and 122: Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
Page 123 and 124: Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
Page 125 and 126: Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
Page 127 and 128: Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
Page 129: Training Replication Sites.” Manp
Page 132 and 133: Appendix C provides additional info
Page 134 and 135: Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
Page 138 and 139: This appendix provides additional i
Page 140 and 141: The number of projects and total le
Page 142 and 143: Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
Page 144 and 145: Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
Page 146 and 147: Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
Page 148 and 149: Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
Page 150 and 151: Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
Page 152 and 153: Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
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In sum, this portfolio review chapt
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approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
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This appendix presents a detailed a
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to Finance business line, over a si
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entrepreneurship projects. Investme
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IFC has three types of investments
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Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
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Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
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3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
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This appendix presents lessons for
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Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
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to the definition of unemployment b
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In post-conflict zones with small f
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Public works programs in Bank proje
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marginal impact of school-to-work t
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of the program. However, results fo
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• Weak results frameworks on the
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sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
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unemployed youth registered with th
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for Employment and Entrepreneurship
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Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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