Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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equesting that they complete an online survey to provide their views andimplementation experiences. A reminder email was sent prior to closing thesurvey on February 24, 2012. Twenty-six TTLs participated in the survey, a 33percent response rate. Table B.10 shows the number of survey respondents byregion and sector board.Table B.9Number of Survey Respondents by Primary Sector Board and RegionSector Board AFR EAP ECA HDN LAC MENA PREM SAR TotalSocial Protection 4 1 1 2 2 2 1 13Education 3 1 1 2 1 8Social Development 2 2Economic Policy 1 1 2Agriculture and RuralDevelopment1 1Total 9 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 26Source: IEG.Note: AFR= Africa; EAP= East Asia and Pacific; ECA= Europe and Central Asia; HDN= Human Development Network; LAC= LatinAmerica and the Caribbean; MENA= Middle East and North Africa; PREM= Poverty Reduction and Economic Management; SAR=South Asia Region.Note1. This approach left the Middle East and North Africa region with only one study(Jordan) included in the sample. It was decided to look at earlier years foradditional studies. On this basis, a 2004 study on the Tunisian Labor Market wasincluded in the sample.ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Sergio Núñez. 2004. “The impact of training policies in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean: the Case of Programa Joven.” Research NetworkWorking Paper R-483. Inter-American Development Bank.Alzua, Maria Laura, and Pablo Brassiolo. 2006. “The Impact of Training Policies inArgentina: An Evaluation of Proyecto Joven.” IADB Office of Evaluation andOversight Working Paper OVE/WP-15/06, Argentina.Attanasio, Orazio, Adriana Kugler, and Costas Meghir. 2011. “Subsidizing VocationalTraining for Disadvantaged Youth in Colombia: Evidence from a RandomizedTrial.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3(3): 188–220.Benus, Jacob, James Rude and Satyendra Patrabansh. 2001. “Impact of theEmergency Demobilization and Reintegration Project in Bosnia andHerzegovina.” Department of Labor Bureau of International Affairs. DevelopmentImpact Evaluation (DIME).90 Youth Employment Programs
Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Chor-ching Goh and Christopher J. O’Leary. 2009.“Evaluating Job Training in Two Chinese Cities.” Journal of Chinese Economic andBusiness Studies 7 (1): 77–94.Blattman, Christopher, Nathan Fiala, and Sebastian Martinez. 2011. “CanEmployment Programs Reduce Poverty and Social Instability ExperimentalEvidence from a Ugandan Aid Program.” World Bank Policy Research WorkingPaper series.Blundell, Richard, Monica Costa Dias, Costas Meghir, and John Van Reenen. 2004.“Evaluating the Employment Impact of a Mandatory Job Search AssistanceProgram.” Journal of the European Economic Association 2(4): 569–606.Brodaty, Thomas, Bruno Crépon, and Denis Fougère. 2001. “Using MatchingEstimators to Evaluate Alternative Youth Employment Programs: Evidence fromFrance, 1986–1988.” In Econometric Evaluation of Labour Market Policies, eds. M.Lechner and F. Pfeiffer. Heidelberg and New York: Physica-Verlag and Centre forEuropean Economic Research.Burghardt, John, and Peter Z. Schochet. 2001. “National Job Corps Study: Impactby Center Characteristics.” US Department of Labor, Employment, and TrainingAdministration. Washington, DC.Card, David, Pablo Ibarrarán, Ferdinando Regalia, David Rosas, and Yuri Soares.2011. “The Labor Market Impacts of Youth Training in the Dominican Republic.”Journal of Labor Economics 29(2): 267–300.Cardoso, Ana Rute. (2009). “Long-Term Impact of Youth Minimum Wages: Evidencefrom Two Decades of Individual Longitudinal Data.” IZA Discussion Paper No.4236.Chong, Alberto and Jose Galdo. 2006. “Does the Quality of Training Programs Matter?Evidence from Bidding Processes Data.” IZA Discussion Papers 2202. Institute forthe Study of Labor (IZA), Latin America.de Mel, Suresh, David McKenzie, and Christopher Woodruff. (2010). “Wage Subsidiesfor Microenterprises.” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings 100 (2):614-18.Delajara, Marcelo, Samuel Freije, and Isidro Soloaga. 2006. “An Evaluation of Trainingfor the Unemployed in Mexico.” Working Paper: OVE/WP-09/06. Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank, Office of Evaluation and Oversight.Díaz, Juan José, and Miguel Jaramillo. 2006. “Evaluation of the Peruvian YouthLabor Training Program – ProJoven.” Working Paper #1006. Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank, Office of Evaluation and Oversight.Elías, Víctor, Fernanda Ruiz Núñez, Ricardo Cossa, and David Bravo. 2004. “AnEconometric Cost- Benefit Analysis of Argentina’s Youth Training Program.”Working Paper #R-482. Inter-American Development Bank.Appendix B: Evaluation Data Sources and Methods 91
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Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
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IEG management and colleagues provi
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Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
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implemented 12 of the 90 operations
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Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
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• Help countries design intervent
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support to youth employment program
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tive rules on hiring and firing as
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Management Action RecordIEG Finding
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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Report to the Board from the Commit
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could have focused more on the lack
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• Chapter Highlights• High yout
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and can afford to wait for a better
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ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
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ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
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Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
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The strength and openness of the ec
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Interventions to Address Youth Empl
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commitments by the International Ba
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Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
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• the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
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school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
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Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
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• Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Page 80 and 81: awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
Page 82 and 83: • Comparing the interventions ana
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Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5Recommendations
Page 89: farm self-employment and employment
Page 92 and 93: This appendix presents the factors
Page 94 and 95: Organization for Standardization (I
Page 96 and 97: Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
Page 98 and 99: Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
Page 100 and 101: Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
Page 103 and 104: Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
Page 105 and 106: Identification and Analysis of the
Page 107 and 108: • Making the labor market work be
Page 109 and 110: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 111 and 112: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 113 and 114: Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
Page 115 and 116: Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
Page 117 and 118: ment, Private Sector Development, a
Page 119 and 120: Other evaluations with outcome meas
Page 121 and 122: Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
Page 123 and 124: Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
Page 125: Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
Page 129: Training Replication Sites.” Manp
Page 132 and 133: Appendix C provides additional info
Page 134 and 135: Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
Page 138 and 139: This appendix provides additional i
Page 140 and 141: The number of projects and total le
Page 142 and 143: Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
Page 144 and 145: Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
Page 146 and 147: Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
Page 148 and 149: Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
Page 150 and 151: Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
Page 152 and 153: Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
Page 154 and 155: In sum, this portfolio review chapt
Page 156 and 157: approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
Page 158 and 159: This appendix presents a detailed a
Page 160 and 161: to Finance business line, over a si
Page 162 and 163: entrepreneurship projects. Investme
Page 164 and 165: IFC has three types of investments
Page 166 and 167: Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
Page 168 and 169: Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
Page 170 and 171: 3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
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Page 174 and 175: Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
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to the definition of unemployment b
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In post-conflict zones with small f
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Public works programs in Bank proje
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marginal impact of school-to-work t
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of the program. However, results fo
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• Weak results frameworks on the
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sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
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unemployed youth registered with th
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for Employment and Entrepreneurship
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Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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