Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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entrepreneurship projects. Investment Climate projects with objectives of jobcreation focused on business entry and operations, special economic zones,and investment and policy promotion.IEG reviewed 30 of the completed projects with the objective and/or indicatorof job creation. Of these, 23 could be rated for development effectiveness,and 57 percent of them were successful. Seventy percent of these successfulprojects (approximately 8 projects) tracked the number of jobs created.With regard to education sector projects, very few IFC interventions explicitlytargeted youth as a beneficiary. IFC supported 10 advisory services projects thathad a youth employment objective. Six of these interventions were part of theGrassroots Business Initiative. These projects sought to: provide opportunities toyouth through targeting and scaling up existing youth enterprise developmentinitiatives; provide capacity building grants; and support loan guarantees andtechnical assistance to financial institutions and business development serviceproviders who in turn offer business training and mentoring to informal/youngrural micro- entrepreneurs. One example of this was the Angel program inIndonesia and Mali. The project concept was to encourage leading entrepreneursand business people to invest and support start-up companies in their earlystages of growth. These projects proved challenging to design and implement.Consequently, the program has since been spun-off. Similarly, in two otherprojects, IFC provided grants to a financial literacy education program for 15,000youth or women in South Africa, and 420 internships or employment for Russianorphan students. IFC did not play an active role beyond providing grants in thefinancial literacy program, and the Russian program was spun–off into a standaloneRussian NGO.IFC supported equity type financing for young Indian entrepreneurscombined with structured mentoring. A fund has been established and fiveentrepreneurs have been financed who created 90 jobs through the project asTable E.3Business lineAdvisory Services Projects that Included Job Creation in theObjective or Results IndicatorsProjects with both jobcreation objective andindicator (%)Projects withjob creationobjective (%)Projects withjob creationindicator (%)Projects with jobcreation objectiveand/or indicator(%)Access to Finance 0 11 4 9Investment Climate 38 41 32 37Public-Private PartnershipsTransaction Advisory3 5 5 6Sustainable Business Advisory 59 43 59 48Total (Number) 32 110 81 159Source: IFC Advisory Database, June 2011.126 Youth Employment Programs
of August 2010, while the targeted number is 50 entrepreneurs. The resultsof this project will be available by the end of FY12. IFC offered the BusinessEdge Program to build business skills for unemployed youth in Yemen. TheIFC team partnered with the Yemen Education for Employment Foundationthat provides training and job placement for recent graduates. The programhas trained 715 young Yemenis and so far, 322 individuals—120 of themfemales—have been placed into jobs.Projects Improving Employability of Youth, Education Sector Portfolio, FY2001–11The world’s population has been growing, and economic growth andtechnological developments require a more educated/skilled labor force.Government supply of education services cannot meet the growing demand.There is wide recognition of the private sector’s potential to meet thisgrowing demand (IFC 2012a). Private institutions participate in each segmentof the education system in most countries, and in some countries the privatesector accounts for the majority of expenditures on education.To support the private sector in education, IFC set up its educationdepartment in 2001. Since then, IFC’s focus on private education hasgrown, with the addition of education as a strategic pillar in 2004 (tableE.3). Between FY01 and FY11, IFC invested in 50 education sector projects,committing approximately $500 million through loan, equity, and guaranteefacilities (figure E.1). 4 More than two-thirds (68 percent) were in tertiaryeducation, and six of the tertiary projects included components for technicaland vocational training (TVET). The remaining investments were at theprimary/secondary level (26 percent), and in other types of education/training projects (6 percent).Figure E.1.Growth in the IFC Education PortfolioApproval volume ($,000)160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000Volume Number of approvals2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Fiscal year109876543210Number of approvalsSource: IFC Internal data as of the end of June 2011.Appendix E: The IFC Portfolio for Youth Employment 127
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Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
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IEG management and colleagues provi
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Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
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implemented 12 of the 90 operations
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Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
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• Help countries design intervent
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support to youth employment program
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tive rules on hiring and firing as
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Management Action RecordIEG Finding
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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Report to the Board from the Commit
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could have focused more on the lack
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• Chapter Highlights• High yout
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and can afford to wait for a better
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ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
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ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
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Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
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The strength and openness of the ec
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Interventions to Address Youth Empl
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commitments by the International Ba
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Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
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• the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
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school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
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Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
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• Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Argentina, Bulgaria, Colombia, and
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facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
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awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
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• Comparing the interventions ana
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Hjort, Jonas, Michael Kremer, Isaac
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Chapter 5Recommendations
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farm self-employment and employment
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This appendix presents the factors
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Organization for Standardization (I
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Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
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Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
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Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
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Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
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Identification and Analysis of the
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• Making the labor market work be
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Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 111 and 112: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 113 and 114: Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
Page 115 and 116: Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
Page 117 and 118: ment, Private Sector Development, a
Page 119 and 120: Other evaluations with outcome meas
Page 121 and 122: Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
Page 123 and 124: Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
Page 125 and 126: Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
Page 127 and 128: Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
Page 129: Training Replication Sites.” Manp
Page 132 and 133: Appendix C provides additional info
Page 134 and 135: Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
Page 138 and 139: This appendix provides additional i
Page 140 and 141: The number of projects and total le
Page 142 and 143: Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
Page 144 and 145: Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
Page 146 and 147: Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
Page 148 and 149: Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
Page 150 and 151: Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
Page 152 and 153: Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
Page 154 and 155: In sum, this portfolio review chapt
Page 156 and 157: approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
Page 158 and 159: This appendix presents a detailed a
Page 160 and 161: to Finance business line, over a si
Page 164 and 165: IFC has three types of investments
Page 166 and 167: Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
Page 168 and 169: Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
Page 170 and 171: 3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
Page 172 and 173: This appendix presents lessons for
Page 174 and 175: Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
Page 176 and 177: to the definition of unemployment b
Page 178 and 179: In post-conflict zones with small f
Page 180 and 181: Public works programs in Bank proje
Page 182 and 183: marginal impact of school-to-work t
Page 184 and 185: of the program. However, results fo
Page 186 and 187: • Weak results frameworks on the
Page 188 and 189: sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
Page 190 and 191: unemployed youth registered with th
Page 192 and 193: for Employment and Entrepreneurship
Page 194 and 195: Note1. The Technical and Vocational
Page 196 and 197: Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
Page 198 and 199: World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
Page 200 and 201: IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
Page 202 and 203: Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
Page 204 and 205: Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
Page 207 and 208: BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
Page 209 and 210: ———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
Page 211 and 212: The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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