Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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Table B.8CountryUganda16 EastAsianand LatinAmericancountries17 OECDcountriesYouth Employment Impact Evaluations (cont.)Evaluationstudy Interventions Target groupSchochetand others(2000)Schochetand others(2008)Departmentof Labor US(2005)Blattmanand others(2011)Patrinosand others(2006)NeumarkandWascher(2004)Smoothing transitionfrom schoolto work andfacilitating jobmobilityCounselingSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETSupport totransportationand changes ofresidenceSmoothing transitionfrom schoolto work andfacilitating jobmobilityCounselingSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETSupport totransportationand changes ofresidenceSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETFostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesTraining inentrepreneurshipSupport to startup businessesSkillsdevelopmentTraining subsidiesand vouchersSkillsdevelopmentImproving thequality of formalTVETFostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesRegulations toprovide incentivesto firms tohire young people(minimum wage)ObservationperiodEvaluationmethodYouth 1994–1998 Ordinary leastsquareYouth 1993–2003 MeandifferencesEmploymenteffectPositivePositiveYouth 2004–2005 Description Positive NAYouth 2008–2010 MeandifferencesYouthAll labormarketparticipants(youth andprime-agedadults)Varies(1998–2005)Ordinary leastsquare1975–2000 Ordinary leastsquareFixed effectGeneralizedMethod ofMomentsPositiveNANegativeEarningseffectPositivePositivePositiveNANA88 Youth Employment Programs
Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLatinAmericanand theCaribbeancountriesYouth Employment Impact EvaluationsEvaluationstudy Interventions Target groupKluve(2010)Heckmanand Pagés-Serra(2000)Fostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesWage subsidiesDirect job creationSmoothing transitionfrom schoolto work andfacilitating jobmobilityCounselingSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETFostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesRegulations toprovide incentivesto firms tohire young people(job securityregulations)YouthAll labormarketparticipants(youth andprime-agedadults)ObservationperiodVaries(1984–2004)1980s and1990s(cont.)EvaluationmethodOrdered probitmodelsOrdinary leastsquareRandom/fixedeffectSource: World Bank data.Note: NA = not the focus of the evaluation; TVET= technical and vocational education training.EmploymenteffectVaries dependingonprogram typeNegativeNANAEarningseffectKey Informant Interviews and SurveysInterviews with senior Bank managers and a survey of operational staff (TaskTeam Leaders) were conducted to understand World Bank corporate thinkingon youth employment, issues related to collaboration across sectors, andimplementation successes and challenges. The findings from the survey andinterviews were analyzed and triangulated with other sources of data beforeincorporation in the report.Interviews with Bank Management. Regions and networks were selected forinterviews if they had a youth employment operation in the past 10 years. InDecember 2011, IEG sent a total of 59 interview invitations to each regionalchief economist and network director and to a random selection of regionalsector directors and managers and country directors. Questions were sharedwith interviewees in advance. Two IEG representatives (one interviewerand one note taker) conducted the face-to-face interviews in January andFebruary 2012. Each interview took 40–60 minutes. Twelve interviews wereheld.Task Team Leader Survey. Seventy-nine Task Team Leaders (TTLs) of youthemployment lending operations or ESW were sent an email in January 2012Appendix B: Evaluation Data Sources and Methods 89
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Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
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IEG management and colleagues provi
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Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
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implemented 12 of the 90 operations
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Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
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• Help countries design intervent
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support to youth employment program
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tive rules on hiring and firing as
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Management Action RecordIEG Finding
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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Report to the Board from the Commit
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could have focused more on the lack
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• Chapter Highlights• High yout
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and can afford to wait for a better
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ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
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ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
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Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
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The strength and openness of the ec
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Interventions to Address Youth Empl
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commitments by the International Ba
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Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
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• the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
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school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
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Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
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• Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Page 80 and 81: awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
Page 82 and 83: • Comparing the interventions ana
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Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5Recommendations
Page 89: farm self-employment and employment
Page 92 and 93: This appendix presents the factors
Page 94 and 95: Organization for Standardization (I
Page 96 and 97: Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
Page 98 and 99: Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
Page 100 and 101: Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
Page 103 and 104: Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
Page 105 and 106: Identification and Analysis of the
Page 107 and 108: • Making the labor market work be
Page 109 and 110: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 111 and 112: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 113 and 114: Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
Page 115 and 116: Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
Page 117 and 118: ment, Private Sector Development, a
Page 119 and 120: Other evaluations with outcome meas
Page 121 and 122: Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
Page 123: Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
Page 127 and 128: Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
Page 129: Training Replication Sites.” Manp
Page 132 and 133: Appendix C provides additional info
Page 134 and 135: Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
Page 138 and 139: This appendix provides additional i
Page 140 and 141: The number of projects and total le
Page 142 and 143: Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
Page 144 and 145: Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
Page 146 and 147: Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
Page 148 and 149: Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
Page 150 and 151: Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
Page 152 and 153: Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
Page 154 and 155: In sum, this portfolio review chapt
Page 156 and 157: approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
Page 158 and 159: This appendix presents a detailed a
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Page 162 and 163: entrepreneurship projects. Investme
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Page 168 and 169: Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
Page 170 and 171: 3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
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Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
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to the definition of unemployment b
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In post-conflict zones with small f
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Public works programs in Bank proje
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marginal impact of school-to-work t
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of the program. However, results fo
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• Weak results frameworks on the
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sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
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unemployed youth registered with th
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for Employment and Entrepreneurship
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Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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