Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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Management Action RecordIEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG RecommendationsThe paucity of data limits the ability to assessthe impact of Bank Group support toyouth employment.• The International Finance Corporation (IFC)does not disaggregate employment databy age groups, and the majority of Bankprojects provide no information on youthas a beneficiary group. If reported, outcomeindicators are generally not disaggregated byage.• Few projects or analytic products includetracer studies to track the subsequent employmenthistory of youth.• Bank and IFC operations do not identifywhether youth employment interventionsreached low-income youth. Only one(Uganda) impact evaluation conducts quantileanalysis.• Diagnostic work on youth employment is insufficient.Analytical work does not identifyhow the recommended interventions shouldbe formulated, nor does it include a discussionrelated to cost and fiscal impacts.In client countries where youth employment isa concern to the government or the World Bank/IFC:Apply an evidence-based approach to youthemployment programs.• Improve knowledge about youth employment bysupporting government collection of labor marketoutcome data for youth in relevant surveys.• Monitor the employment situation by agegroups by providing statistics for inclusionin country strategies and Country EconomicMemorandums.• Ensure that World Bank and IFC youth employmentinterventions are informed by relevantanalytical work or due diligence on strategicrelevance which also addresses likely costs ofpossible interventions.• Monitor or evaluate age-specific employmentand earning outcomes in Bank operations,IFC investments, and Analytic and AdvisoryActivities (AAA)/Advisory Services designed toaddress issues of youth employment. This wouldinclude measures on gender and socioeconomicgroups.xxivYouth Employment Programs
Acceptance byManagementWorld Bank: AgreeManagement ResponseWorld Bank: World Bank management recognizes the importance ofmonitoring the situation of young people and the impact of programson young people separately from the situation of the broaderworking-age population. However, the need to monitor outcomesseparately by age group will be a function of the circumstances anddemands of each country. Few countries have data with sufficientdetail to permit disaggregation by age groups, or sufficient frequencyto look at short-run changes in labor market outcomes.Where labor market data are being collected, World Bank managementwill explore ways to strengthen the collaboration with clients and encouragethe collection and dissemination of age-disaggregated statistics,or the use of the ILO KILM. In these countries, World Bank managementplans to monitor age-disaggregated statistics on labor market performanceand use them to inform country strategies and Country EconomicMemorandum (CEMs) as appropriate. Additionally, management will workwith the Development Data Group (DECDG) to ensure that to the extentpossible youth employment data are made available for public downloadon the Development Data Platform. This database already includes boththe employment-to-population ratio and the unemployment rate for15-24-year-olds. Management will also advocate for the publication ofage-disaggregated statistics on employment and activity in countrieswhere these kinds of data are collected and available.Finally, World Bank management is committed to ensure that youthemployment interventions are informed by relevant analytical work,and that teams developing these operations receive guidance asneeded to ensure that youth employment outcomes are included inthe results framework and are properly measured.IFC: AgreeIFC: The items that relate to IFC are in the third and fourth bullets.Regarding the third bullet, IFC will sharpen its due diligence and at entryassessments on its youth employment targeted Investment Services andAdvisory Services interventions, drawing from the knowledge base developedby the World Bank Group, and based on lessons emerging from IFC’songoing jobs study. Early results of case studies show that IFC’s impacton employment is significantly larger than originally anticipated.IFC will continue to inform the strategic relevance of investmentsand advisory services in education by leveraging the knowledge basedeveloped by the World Bank Group on education systems, in particularconcerning the role of the private sector. IFC is tracking the impact onyouth and women in its e4e Initiative for Arab Youth investments inthe MENA region as well as in its Business Edge Programs associatedwith the e4e Initiative for Arab Youth across the region.Management Response xxv
Page 5 and 6: Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
Page 8 and 9: The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
Page 10 and 11: LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
Page 12 and 13: IEG management and colleagues provi
Page 14 and 15: Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
Page 16 and 17: implemented 12 of the 90 operations
Page 18 and 19: Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
Page 20 and 21: • Help countries design intervent
Page 22 and 23: support to youth employment program
Page 24 and 25: tive rules on hiring and firing as
Page 28 and 29: IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
Page 30 and 31: IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
Page 33 and 34: Report to the Board from the Commit
Page 35: could have focused more on the lack
Page 38 and 39: • Chapter Highlights• High yout
Page 40 and 41: and can afford to wait for a better
Page 42 and 43: ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
Page 44 and 45: ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
Page 49 and 50: The strength and openness of the ec
Page 51 and 52: Interventions to Address Youth Empl
Page 53 and 54: commitments by the International Ba
Page 55: Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
Page 58 and 59: • the substitution effect of bett
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
Page 63 and 64: school dropouts early. Learning opp
Page 65 and 66: evaluations on what works best to p
Page 67 and 68: Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
Page 69: Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
Page 72 and 73: • Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Argentina, Bulgaria, Colombia, and
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facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
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awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
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• Comparing the interventions ana
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Hjort, Jonas, Michael Kremer, Isaac
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Chapter 5Recommendations
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farm self-employment and employment
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This appendix presents the factors
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Organization for Standardization (I
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Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
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Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
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Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
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Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
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Identification and Analysis of the
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• Making the labor market work be
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Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
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Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
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Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
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Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
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ment, Private Sector Development, a
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Other evaluations with outcome meas
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Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
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Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
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Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
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Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
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Training Replication Sites.” Manp
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Appendix C provides additional info
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Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
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ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
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This appendix provides additional i
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The number of projects and total le
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Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
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Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
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Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
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Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
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Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
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Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
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In sum, this portfolio review chapt
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approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
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This appendix presents a detailed a
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to Finance business line, over a si
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entrepreneurship projects. Investme
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IFC has three types of investments
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Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
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Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
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3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
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This appendix presents lessons for
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Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
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to the definition of unemployment b
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In post-conflict zones with small f
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Public works programs in Bank proje
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marginal impact of school-to-work t
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of the program. However, results fo
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• Weak results frameworks on the
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sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
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unemployed youth registered with th
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for Employment and Entrepreneurship
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Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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