Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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Table D.7Prevalence of Project Objectives, by Sector Board (percent) (cont.)Percent of projects with objectiveEducation(n=37)SocialProtection(n=26)Finance andPrivate SectorDevelopment(n=8)EconomicPolicy(n=5)SocialDevelopment(n=14)Employment programs 0 23 13 0 7Productivity 3 4 25 0 7Efficiency 19 15 13 0 0Supply of skills (E) 97 35 25 20 36Relevant skills building 81 35 25 20 29Improve technical and vocational educationtraining62 4 0 0 14Objective targeted to individual attributes 35 50 0 20 43Youth 16 23 0 0 14Disadvantaged, vulnerable or disabled 11 19 0 20 14Gender 5 0 0 0 7Poor 5 23 0 20 29Equity 16 8 0 0 0Source: IEG portfolio review based on World Bank data.Note: n=the number of projects.Youth as a Target Group in Project Objectives andInterventionsYouth are often not mentioned as a target group in project objectives. Aboutone-third of the reviewed operations mentioned a target group in theirobjective, and only 16 percent explicitly targeted youth in their objectives.Even fewer (3 percent) targeted young women. Young people were morefrequently targeted over time (table D.9). Social Protection-led operationsmore often cite youth as a target group than other operations, whereas noneof the FPD-led operations had objectives targeting a specific group. Youthare most often targeted in Latin America and the Caribbean (47 percent), butthey were not targeted in any of the operations in MENA and ECA. However,if not targeted in the objective, project documents still describe the targetgroups for their components; here youth are targeted.Few projects collect indicators to assess the effect on target groups. Of thethree projects with a gender emphasis in their objectives, only the TechnicalEducation III Project in India (P050658) has followed through and targetedinterventions to young women and collected relevant indicators.110 Youth Employment Programs
Table D.8Prevalence of Project Objectives, by Region (percent)Percent of projects with objectiveAFR(n=32)EAP(n=7)ECA(n=14)LAC(n=15)MENA(n=9)Fostering job creation/work opportunities (I) 9 0 36 13 33 15Entrepreneurs start up firms, self employment 0 0 7 0 11 0Enterprises; small and medium enterprises 6 0 14 7 0 8Investment climate, credit access 6 0 29 0 11 15Growth/competitiveness 6 0 14 7 22 0School to work transition/job mobility (L) 66 100 79 100 89 92Employment/economic integration 28 57 50 87 44 62Earnings, wealth 19 43 14 13 11 31Information, transparency 0 0 7 27 22 0Institutional capacity/Labor mobility policy/laws 22 57 36 40 22 15Fiscal management, financial sustainability 0 0 7 0 0 0Employment service/job search 0 14 0 13 0 0Employment programs 13 0 21 7 0 0Productivity 3 0 14 7 0 8Efficiency 13 0 21 13 11 15Supply of skills (E) 50 86 43 73 56 69Relevant skills building 38 86 43 73 33 62Improve technical and vocational education training 31 29 29 13 33 38Objective targeted to individual attributes 34 29 7 73 11 54Youth 9 14 0 47 0 23Disadvantaged, vulnerable or disabled 6 14 0 40 11 15Gender 3 0 0 0 0 15Poor 9 0 7 27 11 31Equity 13 0 0 20 0 8Source: IEG portfolio review based on World Bank data.Note: AFR= Africa; EAP= East Asia and Pacific; ECA=Europe and Central Asia; LAC= Latin America and Caribbean; MENA=Middle East and North Africa; SAR= South Asia Region.SAR(n=13)More than half of the projects (60 percent) mentioned young womenas a target group in their interventions, but only six collected outcomeindicators to assess the extent to which young women have benefited frominterventions [the Competitiveness and Employment Sector DevelopmentPolicy Loan (CEDPL2) in Turkey (P096840); the Social Risk Mitigation Project(SRMP) in Turkey (P074408); the Technical Education III Project in India(P050658), the Post-Basic Education Project in Nigeria (P074132); the IncomeSupport and Employability Project in El Salvador (P117440), and the SkillsDevelopment Project in Pakistan (P118177)].Appendix D: The World Bank Portfolio for Youth Employment 111
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Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
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IEG management and colleagues provi
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Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
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implemented 12 of the 90 operations
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Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
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• Help countries design intervent
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support to youth employment program
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tive rules on hiring and firing as
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Management Action RecordIEG Finding
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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Report to the Board from the Commit
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could have focused more on the lack
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• Chapter Highlights• High yout
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and can afford to wait for a better
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ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
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ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
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Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
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The strength and openness of the ec
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Interventions to Address Youth Empl
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commitments by the International Ba
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Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
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• the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
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school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
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Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
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• Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Argentina, Bulgaria, Colombia, and
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facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
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awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
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• Comparing the interventions ana
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Hjort, Jonas, Michael Kremer, Isaac
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Chapter 5Recommendations
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farm self-employment and employment
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This appendix presents the factors
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Organization for Standardization (I
Page 96 and 97: Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
Page 98 and 99: Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
Page 100 and 101: Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
Page 103 and 104: Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
Page 105 and 106: Identification and Analysis of the
Page 107 and 108: • Making the labor market work be
Page 109 and 110: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 111 and 112: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 113 and 114: Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
Page 115 and 116: Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
Page 117 and 118: ment, Private Sector Development, a
Page 119 and 120: Other evaluations with outcome meas
Page 121 and 122: Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
Page 123 and 124: Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
Page 125 and 126: Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
Page 127 and 128: Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
Page 129: Training Replication Sites.” Manp
Page 132 and 133: Appendix C provides additional info
Page 134 and 135: Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
Page 138 and 139: This appendix provides additional i
Page 140 and 141: The number of projects and total le
Page 142 and 143: Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
Page 144 and 145: Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
Page 148 and 149: Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
Page 150 and 151: Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
Page 152 and 153: Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
Page 154 and 155: In sum, this portfolio review chapt
Page 156 and 157: approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
Page 158 and 159: This appendix presents a detailed a
Page 160 and 161: to Finance business line, over a si
Page 162 and 163: entrepreneurship projects. Investme
Page 164 and 165: IFC has three types of investments
Page 166 and 167: Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
Page 168 and 169: Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
Page 170 and 171: 3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
Page 172 and 173: This appendix presents lessons for
Page 174 and 175: Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
Page 176 and 177: to the definition of unemployment b
Page 178 and 179: In post-conflict zones with small f
Page 180 and 181: Public works programs in Bank proje
Page 182 and 183: marginal impact of school-to-work t
Page 184 and 185: of the program. However, results fo
Page 186 and 187: • Weak results frameworks on the
Page 188 and 189: sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
Page 190 and 191: unemployed youth registered with th
Page 192 and 193: for Employment and Entrepreneurship
Page 194 and 195: Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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