Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on Youth Employment. ..........45Notes .............................................46References. .........................................465. Recommendations ..................................51AppendixesA. Conceptual Foundation of the Evaluation Framework .........55B. Evaluation Data Sources and Methods ....................67C. Strategies and Collaboration ...........................95D. The World Bank Portfolio for Youth Employment ...........101E. The IFC Portfolio for Youth Employment. .................121F. Lessons from Impact Evaluations and World Bank GroupOperations. ........................................135G. Social Media Outreach Goals, Methodology, and Results ......163BIBLIOGRAPHY . ..................................... 171BoxesBox 1.1 Roma Youth in Europe ............................5Box 2.1 Adapting the MILES Framework to Organize Issues inYouth Employment. ...................................14Box 2.2 Methodology: How Do We Know What the World BankGroup Is Doing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Box 3.1 A Comprehensive Approach in Youth Employment Programs 29Box 3.2 What the Bank is Supporting: Findings from 18 Countries. .30FiguresFigure 1.1 Youth Unemployment in the Misery Index, by Region,2010 ...............................................7Figure 2.1 Actual World Bank Support to Youth Employment,2001–2011 (US$ millions) ...............................18Figure 2.2 Top 12 Youth Employment Interventions in 90 BankProjects. ...........................................19Figure 3.1 Top 10 Youth Employment Borrowers (US$ millions) ....28Figure 3.2 Participation of Sector Specialists in RelevantComponents Managed by Other Sectors .....................31TablesTable 1.1 Youth Employment Indicators, by Percent, and Region ....3Table 1.2 Overview on the Nature of Youth Employment Problemsin Different Contexts ...................................4Table 4.1 Youth Employment Intervention Categories ...........36viYouth Employment Programs
AbbreviationsA2FAAAAFRAGIALMPAPLCETCGADANIDADOTSDPLDPOEAPECAECDEPEMEPLESWEUe4eFPDFYGATEGBIGDPGEMGMIGPYEHDNIBRDICRIDAIDBIEGIFCILOIMFISOKILMAccess to FinanceAnalytic and advisory activityAfrica RegionAdolescent Girls InitiativeActive Labor Market ProgramsAdaptable Program LoanCenter for Employment TrainingCountry Gender AssessmentDanish International Development AgencyDevelopment Outcome Tracking SystemDevelopment policy loanDevelopment policy operationEast Asia and PacificEurope and Central AsiaEarly child developmentEntrenamiento para el Empleo, HondurasEmployment protection legislationEconomic and sector workEuropean Unione4e Initiative for Arab YouthFinance and Private Sector DevelopmentFiscal yearGrowing America through EntrepreneurshipGrassroots Business InitiativeGross domestic productGender Entrepreneurship MarketGuaranteed Minimum Income ProgramGlobal Partnership for Youth EmploymentHuman Development NetworkInternational Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentImplementation Completion and Results ReportInternational Development AssociationIslamic Development BankIndependent Evaluation GroupInternational Finance CorporationInternational Labour OrganizationInternational Monetary FundInternational Organization for StandardizationKey Indicators of the Labor MarketContents vii
Page 5 and 6: Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
Page 10 and 11: LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
Page 12 and 13: IEG management and colleagues provi
Page 14 and 15: Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
Page 16 and 17: implemented 12 of the 90 operations
Page 18 and 19: Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
Page 20 and 21: • Help countries design intervent
Page 22 and 23: support to youth employment program
Page 24 and 25: tive rules on hiring and firing as
Page 26 and 27: Management Action RecordIEG Finding
Page 28 and 29: IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
Page 30 and 31: IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
Page 33 and 34: Report to the Board from the Commit
Page 35: could have focused more on the lack
Page 38 and 39: • Chapter Highlights• High yout
Page 40 and 41: and can afford to wait for a better
Page 42 and 43: ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
Page 44 and 45: ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
Page 49 and 50: The strength and openness of the ec
Page 51 and 52: Interventions to Address Youth Empl
Page 53 and 54: commitments by the International Ba
Page 55: Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
Page 58 and 59:
• the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
Page 63 and 64:
school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
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Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
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• Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Argentina, Bulgaria, Colombia, and
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facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
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awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
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• Comparing the interventions ana
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Hjort, Jonas, Michael Kremer, Isaac
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Chapter 5Recommendations
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farm self-employment and employment
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This appendix presents the factors
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Organization for Standardization (I
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Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
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Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
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Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
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Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
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Identification and Analysis of the
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• Making the labor market work be
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Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
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Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
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Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
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Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
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ment, Private Sector Development, a
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Other evaluations with outcome meas
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Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
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Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
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Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
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Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
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Training Replication Sites.” Manp
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Appendix C provides additional info
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Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
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ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
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This appendix provides additional i
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The number of projects and total le
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Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
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Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
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Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
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Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
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Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
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Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
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In sum, this portfolio review chapt
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approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
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This appendix presents a detailed a
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to Finance business line, over a si
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entrepreneurship projects. Investme
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IFC has three types of investments
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Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
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Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
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3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
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This appendix presents lessons for
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Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
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to the definition of unemployment b
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In post-conflict zones with small f
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Public works programs in Bank proje
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marginal impact of school-to-work t
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of the program. However, results fo
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• Weak results frameworks on the
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sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
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unemployed youth registered with th
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for Employment and Entrepreneurship
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Note1. The Technical and Vocational
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Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
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World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
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IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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