Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

More documents

Recommendations

Info

• Comparing the interventions analyzed by these evaluations with the mostfrequent interventions in Bank projects (figure 2.2) suggests that impactevaluations are not focusing on the “high-frequency or high-cost” interventionssupported by Bank projects, which questions their strategic relevance.Cost and cost-effectiveness analysis of youth employment interventions are notcalculated in Bank operations. IEG’s analysis of 39 impact evaluations of youthemployment programs found that 20 percent include cost-benefit analysis.None of the 90 Bank projects in the portfolio reports cost and cost-benefitanalysis of interventions. Since evaluating the social returns to investment inalternative youth employment programs is critical for both policy makers andinternational organizations aiming to facilitate employment for young people,future studies should adopt a more substantive focus on this aspect, therebyenabling a comprehensive analysis on the program effectiveness based on thecosts and benefits. Given the high cost of impact evaluations, they should beapplied selectively to scalable interventions.The link between the ongoing impact evaluation program and the need forinformation for future lending is not clear. The Social Protection Network, withthe support of the Spanish Impact Evaluation Fund, is conducting additionalimpact evaluations including on the India Employment Guarantee Program (noinformation on youth), the Malawi Apprenticeship Program, the Turkey TVETprogram (only baseline available), and the South Africa Wage Subsidy program.However, this evaluation has not been implemented as the subsidy is blocked bythe labor unions. It is not always clear how the selection of these interventionsfor impact evaluations is related to the sector strategies and future lending.Notes1. In 2008, the GBI department was transformed into an independent organizationcalled the Grassroots Business Fund.2. Democratic Alliance: South Africa: COSATU’s opposition to youth wage subsidy ishurting the poor. 13 March 2012. http://allafrica.com/stories/201203131263.html3. The World Bank Group supports the entire education sector including highereducation facilities, for example in Vietnam, to bringing advanced technologiesto developing regions. The recent IEG Education Portfolio Review (2011)examines the effectiveness of this support.4. The Technical and Vocational Vouchers Program was launched in late 2008. Themajority of voucher winners were still in school until December 2011 when theevaluations were done.ReferencesAttanasio, Orazio, Adriana Kugler, and Costas Meghir. 2011. “Subsidizing VocationalTraining for Disadvantaged Youth in Colombia: Evidence from a RandomizedTrial.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3(3): 188–220.46 Youth Employment Programs
Benus, Jacob, James Rude and Satyendra Patrabansh. 2001. “Impact of theEmergency Demobilization and Reintegration Project in Bosnia andHerzegovina.” Department of Labor Bureau of International Affairs. DevelopmentImpact Evaluation (DIME).Betcherman, Gordon, Martin Godfrey, Susana Puerto, Friederike Rother, andAntoneta Stavreska. 2007. “A Review of Interventions to Support Young Workers:Findings of the Youth Employment Inventory.” SP Discussion Paper No. 0715.Washington, DC: World Bank.Blattman, Christopher, Nathan Fiala, and Sebastian Martinez. 2011. “CanEmployment Programs Reduce Poverty and Social Instability ExperimentalEvidence from a Ugandan Aid Program.” World Bank Policy Research WorkingPaper series.Blundell, Richard, Monica Costa Dias, Costas Meghir, and John Van Reenen. 2004.“Evaluating the Employment Impact of a Mandatory Job Search AssistanceProgram.” Journal of the European Economic Association 2(4): 569–606.Bruhn, Miriam. 2008. “License to Sell: The Effect of Business Registration Reform onEntrepreneurial Activity in Mexico.” Policy Research Working Paper 4538. WorldBank, Washington, DC.Card, David, Pablo Ibarrarán, Ferdinando Regalia, David Rosas, and Yuri Soares.2011. “The Labor Market Impacts of Youth Training in the Dominican Republic.”Journal of Labor Economics 29(2): 267–300.Cardoso, Ana Rute. (2009). “Long-Term Impact of Youth Minimum Wages: Evidencefrom Two Decades of Individual Longitudinal Data.” IZA Discussion Paper No.4236.Castañeda, Carlos, José González, and Norberto Rojas. 2010. “Evaluación de Impactodel Programa Jóvenes Rurales Emprendedores del SENA.” Fedesarrollo WorkingPaper No. 53 de 2012–2, Bogotá, Colombia.Delajara, Marcelo, Samuel Freije, and Isidro Soloaga. 2006. “An Evaluation of Trainingfor the Unemployed in Mexico.” Working Paper: OVE/WP-09/06. Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank, Office of Evaluation and Oversight.Fares, Jean, and Susana Puerto. 2009. “Towards Comprehensive Training.” SocialProtection Discussion Papers 52188. World Bank.Heckman, James and Carmen Pagés-Serra. (2000). “The Cost of Job Security Regulation:Evidence from Latin American Labor Markets.” Economia 1(1) 109-144.Hicks, Joan Hamory, Michael Kremer, Isaac Mbiti, and Edward Miguel. 2011.“Vocational Education Voucher Delivery and Labor Market Returns: ARandomized Evaluation among Kenyan Youth, Report for Spanish ImpactEvaluation Fund (SIEF) Phase II.” Policy Note Human Development Network.World Bank.What is the Evidence on the Effectiveness of Support to Youth Employment? 47
Page 5 and 6:
Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
Page 8 and 9:
The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
Page 10 and 11:
LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
Page 12 and 13:
IEG management and colleagues provi
Page 14 and 15:
Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
Page 16 and 17:
implemented 12 of the 90 operations
Page 18 and 19:
Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
Page 20 and 21:
• Help countries design intervent
Page 22 and 23:
support to youth employment program
Page 24 and 25:
tive rules on hiring and firing as
Page 26 and 27:
Management Action RecordIEG Finding
Page 28 and 29:
IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
Page 30 and 31:
IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
Page 33 and 34: Report to the Board from the Commit
Page 35: could have focused more on the lack
Page 38 and 39: • Chapter Highlights• High yout
Page 40 and 41: and can afford to wait for a better
Page 42 and 43: ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
Page 44 and 45: ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
Page 49 and 50: The strength and openness of the ec
Page 51 and 52: Interventions to Address Youth Empl
Page 53 and 54: commitments by the International Ba
Page 55: Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
Page 58 and 59: • the substitution effect of bett
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
Page 63 and 64: school dropouts early. Learning opp
Page 65 and 66: evaluations on what works best to p
Page 67 and 68: Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
Page 69: Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
Page 72 and 73: • Chapter Highlights• The Bank
Page 76 and 77: Argentina, Bulgaria, Colombia, and
Page 78 and 79: facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
Page 80 and 81: awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
Page 84 and 85: Hjort, Jonas, Michael Kremer, Isaac
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 5Recommendations
Page 89: farm self-employment and employment
Page 92 and 93: This appendix presents the factors
Page 94 and 95: Organization for Standardization (I
Page 96 and 97: Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
Page 98 and 99: Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
Page 100 and 101: Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
Page 103 and 104: Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
Page 105 and 106: Identification and Analysis of the
Page 107 and 108: • Making the labor market work be
Page 109 and 110: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 111 and 112: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 113 and 114: Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
Page 115 and 116: Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
Page 117 and 118: ment, Private Sector Development, a
Page 119 and 120: Other evaluations with outcome meas
Page 121 and 122: Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
Page 123 and 124: Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
Page 125 and 126: Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
Page 127 and 128: Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
Page 129: Training Replication Sites.” Manp
Page 132 and 133:
Appendix C provides additional info
Page 134 and 135:
Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
Page 136 and 137:
ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
Page 138 and 139:
This appendix provides additional i
Page 140 and 141:
The number of projects and total le
Page 142 and 143:
Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
Page 144 and 145:
Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
Page 146 and 147:
Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
Page 148 and 149:
Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
Page 150 and 151:
Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
Page 152 and 153:
Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Em
Page 154 and 155:
In sum, this portfolio review chapt
Page 156 and 157:
approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
Page 158 and 159:
This appendix presents a detailed a
Page 160 and 161:
to Finance business line, over a si
Page 162 and 163:
entrepreneurship projects. Investme
Page 164 and 165:
IFC has three types of investments
Page 166 and 167:
Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
Page 168 and 169:
Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
Page 170 and 171:
3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
Page 172 and 173:
This appendix presents lessons for
Page 174 and 175:
Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
Page 176 and 177:
to the definition of unemployment b
Page 178 and 179:
In post-conflict zones with small f
Page 180 and 181:
Public works programs in Bank proje
Page 182 and 183:
marginal impact of school-to-work t
Page 184 and 185:
of the program. However, results fo
Page 186 and 187:
• Weak results frameworks on the
Page 188 and 189:
sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
Page 190 and 191:
unemployed youth registered with th
Page 192 and 193:
for Employment and Entrepreneurship
Page 194 and 195:
Note1. The Technical and Vocational
Page 196 and 197:
Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
Page 198 and 199:
World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
Page 200 and 201:
IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
Page 202 and 203:
Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
Page 204 and 205:
Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
Page 207 and 208:
BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
Page 209 and 210:
———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
Page 211 and 212:
The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
show all

Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?