Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

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Table D.13 Frequently Used Youth Employment-Related Prior Actions in 15DPOs, by Region (number of actions used by 15 DPOs)Prior actions supporting youth employment programs AFR ECA LAC MENA SAR TotalMacroeconomic policies (“M”)Economic growth 14 10 3 11 14 52Investment climate (“I”)Improve the business environment and investment climate 0 2 0 0 0 2Improve regulations to provide incentives to firms in hiringyoung people0 0 0 1 0 1Support to start up businesses 0 0 0 1 0 1Labor market institutions (“L”)Improve information on the labor market 0 0 1 4 0 5Counseling job search skills, matching and placement 0 2 1 1 0 4Program for overseas employment for young people 0 0 0 1 0 1Education and skills (“E”)Improve the quality of formal secondary and post-secondaryvocational education and training21 6 3 0 0 30Provide information on training opportunities 0 0 0 2 0 2Expand/improve work-based learning in post-secondary andsecondary vocational education and trainingFoster private sector participation in education and training(including governance, curricula and occupational standards)0 0 1 0 0 10 0 0 1 0 1Social protection (“S”)Social protection 0 0 8 2 0 10Non-MILESHealthcare 1 2 1 0 1 5Total 36 22 18 24 15 115Source: IEG portfolio review based on World Bank data.Note: AFR= Africa; DPO= Development Policy Operation; ECA= Europe and Central Asia; LAC= Latin America and Caribbean;MENA= Middle East and North Africa; SAR= South Asia Region.Few impact evaluations were conducted and they cost considerably more thanESW. Only 6 of 90 projects in the portfolio include an impact evaluation. Animpact evaluation costs between $640,000 in Uganda and $780,000 in Kenya,which is significantly above the average cost of economic and sector work. Itinvolves additional local data collection and analysis for which teams tend tohire researchers from American universities. Also, impact evaluations tendto be financed by different sources, including the Bank’s operational budgetand various trust funds (including the Spanish Impact Evaluation Fund(SIEF), the Bank-Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP), and so on). As aresult, the costs of impact evaluations are hidden under several tasks and nottransparently available on the Bank’s project webpage.116 Youth Employment Programs
Figure D.3% of operationswith interventions9080706050403020100TechnicalskillsSkills Trained through Projects, by Intervention CategoryEntrepreneurialBasicskillsSource: IEG portfolio review based on World Bank data.Note: IT= information technology.Fostering job creation/work opportunities (I) (n = 53)School to work transition and job mobility (L) (n = 74)Skill development and labor market relevance of skills (E) (n = 76)IT skillsSoftskillsEnglishEconomic and Sector Work on Youth EmploymentThe World Bank has undertaken analysis and promoted knowledge sharingto encourage youth employment and skills building. Between 2001 and2011, World Bank teams prepared 34 pieces of economic and sector work andcarried out 25 technical assistance activities related to “improving labormarket outcomes.” Most of this work (85 percent) was done after 2006. For thepurpose of this evaluation, 21 ESW products with a youth employment focuswere reviewed, all of them published since 2005. 3 (See appendix B for thelist of 21 ESW products included). The Bank spent $4.4 million on 18 of thesereports. 4 The average cost of these studies was about $245,000 each, and theytook 12 to 24 months (depending on the need for additional surveys) to gofrom concept note to distribution to the government.The ESW products were reviewed with respect to four dimensions:• Strategic relevance comprising timeliness, government ownership andstrategic coherence;• Quality of contextual and diagnostic analysis including coverage of relevantfactors, data, hypotheses testing, and clarity of presentation;• Quality of conclusions and recommendations for youth employment withregard to macroeconomic conditions, the investment climate, labor marketinstitutions, education, and social protection; and• Dialogue and dissemination, including consultation with stakeholders,public availability of the report and national awareness, and the degreeof follow-up.Appendix D: The World Bank Portfolio for Youth Employment 117
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Youth EmploymentProgramsAn Evaluati
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The Bank’s Impact Evaluations on
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LACLICLILMBAMENANEETNGOOECDPADPCRPD
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IEG management and colleagues provi
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Youth Employment ChallengesIn gener
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implemented 12 of the 90 operations
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Kenya, entrepreneurship training fo
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• Help countries design intervent
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support to youth employment program
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tive rules on hiring and firing as
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Management Action RecordIEG Finding
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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IEG Findings and ConclusionsIEG Rec
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Report to the Board from the Commit
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could have focused more on the lack
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• Chapter Highlights• High yout
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and can afford to wait for a better
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ConsequencesEarly unemployment is s
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ReferencesBegg, David, Stanley Fisc
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Chapter 2What Are the World Bank an
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The strength and openness of the ec
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Interventions to Address Youth Empl
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commitments by the International Ba
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Figure 2.2Top 12 Youth Employment I
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• the substitution effect of bett
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Chapter 3What Is the Evidence that
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school dropouts early. Learning opp
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evaluations on what works best to p
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Agriculture, Health, Education, Soc
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Holzmann, Robert. 2007. MILES: Iden
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• Chapter Highlights• The Bank
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Argentina, Bulgaria, Colombia, and
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facilitated 69 foreign work contrac
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awarded vouchers to about 1,000 out
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• Comparing the interventions ana
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Hjort, Jonas, Michael Kremer, Isaac
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Chapter 5Recommendations
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farm self-employment and employment
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This appendix presents the factors
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Organization for Standardization (I
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Box A.3Youth as a Demographic Divid
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Table A.1Types of Youth Employment
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Notes1. This phenomenon could be le
Page 103 and 104: Appendix BEvaluation Data Sources a
Page 105 and 106: Identification and Analysis of the
Page 107 and 108: • Making the labor market work be
Page 109 and 110: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 111 and 112: Table B.3ApprovalFYList of Projects
Page 113 and 114: Table B.4(I)nvestmentClimate(L)abor
Page 115 and 116: Table B.6List of Economic Sector Wo
Page 117 and 118: ment, Private Sector Development, a
Page 119 and 120: Other evaluations with outcome meas
Page 121 and 122: Table B.8CountryFranceKenyaMexicoPa
Page 123 and 124: Table B.8CountryUnitedStatesYouth E
Page 125 and 126: Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLa
Page 127 and 128: Bidani, Benu, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Ch
Page 129: Training Replication Sites.” Manp
Page 132 and 133: Appendix C provides additional info
Page 134 and 135: Box C.2Global Partnership for Youth
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAedo, Cristian, and Ian W
Page 138 and 139: This appendix provides additional i
Page 140 and 141: The number of projects and total le
Page 142 and 143: Figure D.2World Bank Youth Employme
Page 144 and 145: Table D.5Intervention categoryYouth
Page 146 and 147: Table D.7Prevalence of Project Obje
Page 148 and 149: Table D.9Target Groups of Project O
Page 150 and 151: Table D.11Type of Interventions Sup
Page 154 and 155: In sum, this portfolio review chapt
Page 156 and 157: approach in Turkey and Sierra Leone
Page 158 and 159: This appendix presents a detailed a
Page 160 and 161: to Finance business line, over a si
Page 162 and 163: entrepreneurship projects. Investme
Page 164 and 165: IFC has three types of investments
Page 166 and 167: Box E.1Africa Schools ProgramIFC su
Page 168 and 169: Box E.2e4e Initiative for Arab Yout
Page 170 and 171: 3. IFC’s Advisory Services corpor
Page 172 and 173: This appendix presents lessons for
Page 174 and 175: Labor Market RegulationsLabor marke
Page 176 and 177: to the definition of unemployment b
Page 178 and 179: In post-conflict zones with small f
Page 180 and 181: Public works programs in Bank proje
Page 182 and 183: marginal impact of school-to-work t
Page 184 and 185: of the program. However, results fo
Page 186 and 187: • Weak results frameworks on the
Page 188 and 189: sustainability. Zambia’s TEVET pr
Page 190 and 191: unemployed youth registered with th
Page 192 and 193: for Employment and Entrepreneurship
Page 194 and 195: Note1. The Technical and Vocational
Page 196 and 197: Ibarraran, Pablo, and David Rosas.
Page 198 and 199: World Bank. 2012a. “World Bank an
Page 200 and 201: IEG’s Youth Employment Evaluation
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Figure G.1 Facebook Demographics Ba
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Figure G.3Results on Rural Employme
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BibliographyBarrera, Felipe, Paul G
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———. 2011b. Migration and Rem
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The World Bank GroupWorking for a W
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