Youth Employment Programs - Independent Evaluation Group

Table B.8CountryEuropeancountriesLatinAmericanand theCaribbeancountriesYouth Employment Impact EvaluationsEvaluationstudy Interventions Target groupKluve(2010)Heckmanand Pagés-Serra(2000)Fostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesWage subsidiesDirect job creationSmoothing transitionfrom schoolto work andfacilitating jobmobilityCounselingSkillsdevelopmentRemedial TVETFostering jobcreation/workopportunitiesRegulations toprovide incentivesto firms tohire young people(job securityregulations)YouthAll labormarketparticipants(youth andprime-agedadults)ObservationperiodVaries(1984–2004)1980s and1990s(cont.)EvaluationmethodOrdered probitmodelsOrdinary leastsquareRandom/fixedeffectSource: World Bank data.Note: NA = not the focus of the evaluation; TVET= technical and vocational education training.EmploymenteffectVaries dependingonprogram typeNegativeNANAEarningseffectKey Informant Interviews and SurveysInterviews with senior Bank managers and a survey of operational staff (TaskTeam Leaders) were conducted to understand World Bank corporate thinkingon youth employment, issues related to collaboration across sectors, andimplementation successes and challenges. The findings from the survey andinterviews were analyzed and triangulated with other sources of data beforeincorporation in the report.Interviews with Bank Management. Regions and networks were selected forinterviews if they had a youth employment operation in the past 10 years. InDecember 2011, IEG sent a total of 59 interview invitations to each regionalchief economist and network director and to a random selection of regionalsector directors and managers and country directors. Questions were sharedwith interviewees in advance. Two IEG representatives (one interviewerand one note taker) conducted the face-to-face interviews in January andFebruary 2012. Each interview took 40–60 minutes. Twelve interviews wereheld.Task Team Leader Survey. Seventy-nine Task Team Leaders (TTLs) of youthemployment lending operations or ESW were sent an email in January 2012Appendix B: Evaluation Data Sources and Methods 89