Report of the Second Workshop on The Biology and Conservation of ...

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FOREWORDMarine mammals in South East Asia (cetaceans and dugongs) are exposed to a number <strong>of</strong> threats. By-catch andnon-targeted catch in both legal and Illegal or unregulated commercial and artisanal fisheries are <strong>the</strong> main reasonsfor dwindling populations <strong>of</strong> cetaceans and dugongs.The Convention on Migratory Species looks back on a long-standing commitment in conserving <strong>the</strong>se marinemammals in South East Asia. The first International Conference on Marine Mammals <strong>of</strong> South East Asia held inDumaguete, in <strong>the</strong> Philippines in 1995, marked a starting point for CMS’ activities in <strong>the</strong> region. CMS has initiatedsurveys aiming at improving knowledge on migratory behaviour and distribution, including among local scientists.By sponsoring that first conference UNEP emphasized <strong>the</strong> scope <strong>of</strong> its Marine Mammals Action Plan that coversdugongs and cetaceans in South East Asia. The conference revealed that by-catch <strong>of</strong> cetaceans and dugongs infisheries was more serious than supposed. Even in areas where by-catch rates turned out to be low <strong>the</strong>y reflectedthat populations may have already been seriously depleted. Raising <strong>of</strong> awareness <strong>of</strong> conservation threats among <strong>the</strong>public, fishery, local stakeholders and political decision makers was considered to be indispensable for mitigatingthose threats.At <strong>the</strong> <strong>Second</strong> International Conference on Marine Mammals <strong>of</strong> South East Asia (SEAMAM II) and an associatedworkshop, both sponsored by CMS, <strong>the</strong> Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, <strong>the</strong> Silliman University MarineLaboratory, WWF-US and WWF Philippines, scientists discussed <strong>the</strong> various concerns and research needs <strong>of</strong> SouthEast Asian countries. The participants took stock <strong>of</strong> cetacean and dugong populations, although good informationon stock structure and abundance <strong>of</strong> populations and distribution is still rare, as is information on fishing effort andby-catch rates. These information gaps make <strong>the</strong> assessment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> by-catches difficult.This publication includes current national reviews <strong>of</strong> status, research, by-catch, conservation and legislation foreleven South East Asian countries and Australia. It summarizes <strong>the</strong> present status <strong>of</strong> dugong conservation and pointsout <strong>the</strong> needs for additional research. The draft action plan that was developed at SEAMAM II lists <strong>the</strong> various phases<strong>of</strong> raising awareness <strong>of</strong> by-catch as well as assessment and mitigation. CMS’ commitment is reflected in its role ascoordinator in South East Asia aiming to set up a network <strong>of</strong> regional cooperation. The Convention promotes <strong>the</strong>exchange <strong>of</strong> research data to better reduce threats to cetaceans and dugongs.Noting <strong>the</strong> outcome <strong>of</strong> this conference, <strong>the</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Parties recommended at its Seventh Meeting 2002 <strong>the</strong>establishment <strong>of</strong> an instrument <strong>of</strong> cooperation for <strong>the</strong> conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species. CMS has already successfullycompleted a survey <strong>of</strong> marine mammals in <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tonkin as well as <strong>of</strong> dolphin populations in <strong>the</strong> Timor andArafura Seas in Australia and Indonesia. The Convention’s experience in developing regional agreements such as <strong>the</strong>IOSEA MoU will contribute to a successful implementation <strong>of</strong> conservation activities in South East Asia. Signatoriesto this agreement are also range states to cetaceans and dugongs.I would like to thank <strong>the</strong> contributing editors for this report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Second</strong> <strong>Workshop</strong> on <strong>the</strong> Biology and Conservation<strong>of</strong> Small Cetaceans and Dugongs in South East Asia. This CMS Technical Series publication fur<strong>the</strong>r documents<strong>the</strong> Convention’s contribution in conserving <strong>the</strong> species. I hope that CMS, in close collaboration with responsiblegovernment agencies, NGOs and <strong>the</strong> international scientific community will play a central role towards <strong>the</strong>conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se marine mammals.Robert HepworthCMS Executive Secretary<strong>Second</strong> <strong>Workshop</strong> on <strong>the</strong> Biology and Conservation <strong>of</strong> Small Cetaceans and Dugongs <strong>of</strong> SE Asia 9
10 CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 - 2005
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Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTSpage1. Preliminari
Page 7 and 8: AppendicesAppendix 1 - List <strong
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Page 13 and 14: The cetacean species reviewed inclu
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Major commercial Commonwea
Page 17 and 18: (2) State Legislation.In state wate
Page 19 and 20: (2) Identification of</stro
Page 21 and 22: Coastal speciesThe most frequently
Page 23 and 24: Coastal speciesThere are currently
Page 25 and 26: and Guangxi Provinces (Yang et al.
Page 27 and 28: Table 3. Records of</strong
Page 29 and 30: can be viewed as the</stron
Page 31 and 32: Workshop participa
Page 33 and 34: ioaccumulation have not yet been ex
Page 35 and 36: of fishermen who h
Page 37 and 38: are supplied to scholars and organi
Page 39 and 40: threats. Many marine mammal populat
Page 42: waters or recognize important inter
Page 47 and 48: James Cook University (Queensland,
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Page 51 and 52: proactive in engaging more staff an
Page 53 and 54: of SE Asia. Two sp
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Page 57 and 58: Legal status and present management
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US, has actively participated in ce
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the project was su
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Recently, the camp
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Mekong River downstream of<
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porpoises in tropical waters <stron
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species in the Ind
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Population/stock structureNo new in
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Needs for additional researchStock
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waters of SE Asia,
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caused mortality is certainly large
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Needs for additional researchProper
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from SE Asia, it is known to occur
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3.1.7 AustraliaDugongs occur all al
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Table 8. Conservation objectives id
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3) Monitoring and assessment <stron
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Table 10. Outline of</stron
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The group agreed that this set <str
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6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThe works
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96 CMS Technical Series Publication
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Bank, E. 1931. A popular account <s
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Dalebout, M. L., J. G. Mead, C. Sco
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Jaaman, S. A., E. Tangon, I. Isnain
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Lin, Y.-J. 1997. Mitochondrial DNA
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Smith, B.D., T. A. Jefferson, D. Ho
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Yang, W.-C. 2000. Morbillivirus inf
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CHOU Lien-SiangDepartment o
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Brian D. SMITHWildlife Conservation
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APPENDIX 3Agenda1. Preliminaries2.
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Doc. 22 Dugong conservation activit
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AreaDatesSurveyTypeEffortSpeciesNo.
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Phase ofActionPlan
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[Small cetaceans are defined to inc
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f) recognizing that by-catch in fis
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130 CMS Technical Series Publicatio
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APPENDIX 9Abstracts of</str
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The (IUCN Critically Endangered) Du
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Status of
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Cetacean Habitats in the</s
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Conservation of <s
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Summary of Current
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Indonesia’s Cetacean Migration Co
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Conservation Effort to Protect <str
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The Status of <str
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Can the Developing
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Status and Conservation of<
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Legal Hunting of C
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Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (T
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Feasibility Study of</stron
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Songs of a Humpbac
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