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Islands), as well as oceanic waters. Zhou notedthat <strong>the</strong>y enter <strong>the</strong> lower reaches <strong>of</strong> certain riversin China, possibly on an annual basis.Population/stock structureNo new information.Population statusNo new information.Habitat statusNo new information.Directed catchesExploitation <strong>of</strong> this species in Japan may affectpopulations that occur seasonally in Taiwan or<strong>the</strong> Philippines. False killer whales are probablyharpooned in Taiwan, due to <strong>the</strong>ir interferencewith longlining operations, but <strong>the</strong> harpoonedanimals may not always be landed (Doc. 6).By-catchesFalse killer whales are apparently taken in purseseines, gillnets, and trawl nets in Chinese waters(Doc. 9). They are known to take fish <strong>of</strong>f longlines,but <strong>the</strong>re seem to be few records <strong>of</strong> by-catch inSE Asia. However, Japanese long-line vesselsfishing in Australian waters in <strong>the</strong> 1990s didhave some by-catch <strong>of</strong> false killer whales (Doc.16). Wang noted that <strong>the</strong> whales may be ei<strong>the</strong>rby-caught or deliberately persecuted because <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>ir depredations on <strong>the</strong> longlines. This specieswas one <strong>of</strong> several taken in <strong>the</strong> Taiwanese sharkgillnet fishery in Australian waters in <strong>the</strong> past(Doc. 16).Needs for additional researchNone identified.2.2.17 Orcinus orcaDistributionNo new information.Population/stock structureIt is uncertain whe<strong>the</strong>r distinct fish-eating andmammal-eating killer whale pods occur in SE Asia,as in nor<strong>the</strong>astern Pacific waters. Ingrid Visserreported during <strong>the</strong> pre-workshop symposiumthat killer whales in Papua New Guinea feed onsharks. In Indonesia <strong>the</strong>y feed on ocean sunfish(Mola mola), according to Kahn. Kahn alsoreported that <strong>the</strong> saddle patch is not very distinctin Indonesian animals and that <strong>the</strong> eye patch hasgray shading between it and <strong>the</strong> surroundingcape. Coloration patterns may aid in definingpopulation structure in SE Asia.Population statusNo new information.Habitat statusNo new information.Directed catchesKiller whales used to be taken in <strong>the</strong> directfishery for cetaceans at Lamalera, Indonesia,but according to Kahn, <strong>the</strong> whalers no longerhunt <strong>the</strong>m because <strong>of</strong> difficulties with landing<strong>the</strong>m. Catches at Lamalera between 1960 and1994 totaled 24 animals (Rudolph and Smeenk2002). Killer whale meat has been found amongremains <strong>of</strong> cetaceans that were confiscated inTaiwan (Doc. 6). Wang reported that a killer whalewas harpooned in Taiwan in <strong>the</strong> early 1990s.By-catchesJapanese long-line vessels fishing in Australianwaters in <strong>the</strong> 1990s caused some by-catch <strong>of</strong> killerwhales (Doc. 16). Killer whales may be caught inlarge-mesh drift gillnets in Taiwan (Doc. 6).<strong>Second</strong> <strong>Workshop</strong> on <strong>the</strong> Biology and Conservation <strong>of</strong> Small Cetaceans and Dugongs <strong>of</strong> SE Asia 79
Needs for additional researchProperly documented identification photographsshould be collected opportunistically throughoutSE Asia. Some initial effort <strong>of</strong> this kind hasalready begun by Kahn (Apex Environmental,Cairns, Australia) and Ingrid Visser (Orca ResearchTrust, Whangarei, New Zealand).2.2.18 Globicephala macrorhynchusDistributionThere are now confirmed records <strong>of</strong> short-finnedpilot whales in Cambodia (Doc. 34), Taiwan (Doc.6; Chen 2001), and Indonesia (Doc. 23).Population/stock structureWang and Dolar reported that animals in Taiwanand <strong>the</strong> Philippines do not appear to have <strong>the</strong>post-dorsal fin saddle patch and eye streak, whichare useful features in distinguishing <strong>the</strong> two stocksthat have been identified in Japanese waters.Population statusNo new information.Habitat statusAbundance estimates are available for TañonStrait (7,690; CV=34%) and <strong>the</strong> eastern Sulu Sea(31; CV=100%), Philippines (Dolar 1999a).By-catchesThere is some by-catch <strong>of</strong> pilot whales in <strong>the</strong>large-mesh driftnet fishery in Taiwan; however,<strong>the</strong> numbers involved are not known (Doc. 6).Needs for additional researchThere is a need to investigate whe<strong>the</strong>r fur<strong>the</strong>rtiger net fisheries are planned. Because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>irsocial organization and occurrence in largeaggregations, pilot whales may be particularlyvulnerable to intensive capture operations, suchas tiger netting. There is also a need to confirm<strong>the</strong> species composition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tiger net fisheries,perhaps by examining videos taken by an observer<strong>of</strong>f Manado.2.2.19 Mesoplodon spp.DistributionSpecies known from <strong>the</strong> area include M.densirostris and M. gingkodens. It is possible thatadditional species <strong>of</strong> Mesoplodon will be foundin SE Asia in <strong>the</strong> future. M. densirostris has beenadded to <strong>the</strong> fauna <strong>of</strong> Taiwan since 1995 (Doc.6). Dolar and Perrin noted that <strong>the</strong> specimen from<strong>the</strong> Philippines referred to in <strong>the</strong> 1995 meetingreport as M. gingkodens (which is stored at <strong>the</strong>Silliman University Marine Laboratory) has sincebeen confirmed to be M. densirostris.Directed catchesFrom 1996-1997, about 577 pilot whales (speciesidentification somewhat questionable—some mayhave been o<strong>the</strong>r species <strong>of</strong> globicephalines) weretaken in “tiger nets” (large-mesh gillnets stretchedacross narrow straits) in Manado, nor<strong>the</strong>rnSulawesi (Doc. 24). Kahn noted that <strong>the</strong> catchwas used locally in pet-food factories. Although<strong>the</strong> nets in Manado have been removed, <strong>the</strong>reare plans to set more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m in o<strong>the</strong>r areas <strong>of</strong>Indonesia; ten permits are rumored to have beenissued for <strong>the</strong> Mollucas area.Population/stock structureNo new information.Population statusNo new information.Habitat statusKahn noted that for all species <strong>of</strong> ziphiids, <strong>the</strong>impacts <strong>of</strong> deep-sea mining operations usingexplosives or intense sounds could be severe.80 CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 - 2005
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CMS Technical Series Publication N
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Published by the U
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TABLE OF CONTENTSpage1. Preliminari
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AppendicesAppendix 1 - List <strong
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8 CMS Technical Series Publication
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10 CMS Technical Series Publication
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The cetacean species reviewed inclu
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Table 1. Major commercial Commonwea
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(2) State Legislation.In state wate
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(2) Identification of</stro
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Coastal speciesThe most frequently
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Coastal speciesThere are currently
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and Guangxi Provinces (Yang et al.
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Table 3. Records of</strong
Page 29 and 30: can be viewed as the</stron
Page 31 and 32: Workshop participa
Page 33 and 34: ioaccumulation have not yet been ex
Page 35 and 36: of fishermen who h
Page 37 and 38: are supplied to scholars and organi
Page 39 and 40: threats. Many marine mammal populat
Page 42: waters or recognize important inter
Page 47 and 48: James Cook University (Queensland,
Page 49 and 50: the last ten years
Page 51 and 52: proactive in engaging more staff an
Page 53 and 54: of SE Asia. Two sp
Page 55 and 56: San Francisco (Negros Oriental); Li
Page 57 and 58: Legal status and present management
Page 59 and 60: within 15 kilometers from t
Page 61 and 62: US, has actively participated in ce
Page 63 and 64: the project was su
Page 65 and 66: Recently, the camp
Page 67 and 68: Mekong River downstream of<
Page 69 and 70: porpoises in tropical waters <stron
Page 71 and 72: species in the Ind
Page 73 and 74: Population/stock structureNo new in
Page 75 and 76: Needs for additional researchStock
Page 77 and 78: waters of SE Asia,
Page 79: caused mortality is certainly large
Page 83 and 84: from SE Asia, it is known to occur
Page 85 and 86: 3.1.7 AustraliaDugongs occur all al
Page 87 and 88: Table 8. Conservation objectives id
Page 89 and 90: 3) Monitoring and assessment <stron
Page 91 and 92: Table 10. Outline of</stron
Page 93 and 94: The group agreed that this set <str
Page 95 and 96: 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThe works
Page 97 and 98: 96 CMS Technical Series Publication
Page 99 and 100: Bank, E. 1931. A popular account <s
Page 101 and 102: Dalebout, M. L., J. G. Mead, C. Sco
Page 103 and 104: Jaaman, S. A., E. Tangon, I. Isnain
Page 105 and 106: Lin, Y.-J. 1997. Mitochondrial DNA
Page 107 and 108: Smith, B.D., T. A. Jefferson, D. Ho
Page 109 and 110: Yang, W.-C. 2000. Morbillivirus inf
Page 111 and 112: CHOU Lien-SiangDepartment o
Page 113 and 114: Brian D. SMITHWildlife Conservation
Page 115 and 116: APPENDIX 3Agenda1. Preliminaries2.
Page 117 and 118: Doc. 22 Dugong conservation activit
Page 119 and 120: AreaDatesSurveyTypeEffortSpeciesNo.
Page 125 and 126: Phase ofActionPlan
Page 127 and 128: [Small cetaceans are defined to inc
Page 129 and 130: f) recognizing that by-catch in fis
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130 CMS Technical Series Publicatio
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APPENDIX 9Abstracts of</str
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The (IUCN Critically Endangered) Du
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Status of
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Cetacean Habitats in the</s
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Conservation of <s
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Summary of Current
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Indonesia’s Cetacean Migration Co
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Conservation Effort to Protect <str
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The Status of <str
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Can the Developing
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Status and Conservation of<
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Legal Hunting of C
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Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (T
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Feasibility Study of</stron
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Songs of a Humpbac
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