Report of the Second Workshop on The Biology and Conservation of ...

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Identification <strong>of</strong> Dugong (Dugong dugon) Tissues Using IsozymesKittiwattanawong, Kongkiat 1 , Adulyanukosol, Kanjana 2 and Pantarak Na TakuatungPhuket Marine Biological Center P.O. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand(1) e-mail: kongkiat_k@hotmail.com , (2) e-mail: k_adulyanukosol@hotmail.comTwo tissue specimens, suspected <strong>of</strong> being dugong, were tested by analysis <strong>of</strong> isozymes. The firsttissue specimen was collected from Ban Paklok, Phuket on 26 October 2000 and <strong>the</strong> second wascollected from a fresh market in Phuket town on 29 October 2000. The suspected tissues werecompared to known tissues from 5 dugongs (Dugong dugon), 3 cows (Bos taurus), 3 pigs (Susscr<strong>of</strong>a), 3 chickens (Gallus domesticus) and 1 finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Thestudy employed seven enzymes namely dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphateisomerase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate, mannose-6-phosphateisomerase and phosphoglucomutase.Using <strong>the</strong> zymograms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se seven enzymes, <strong>the</strong> first tissue specimen was identified as dugongtissue, while <strong>the</strong> second tissue specimen was not. Due to incompatibility <strong>of</strong> protein patterns,we were unable to assign <strong>the</strong> second tissue specimen to any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> compared organisms. Anelectrophoretic analysis <strong>of</strong> isozymes has proven to be an effective tool for recognition <strong>of</strong> dugongtissue and shows potential for identification <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r conserved organisms that are poached.<strong>Second</strong> <strong>Workshop</strong> on <strong>the</strong> Biology and Conservation <strong>of</strong> Small Cetaceans and Dugongs <strong>of</strong> SE Asia 145
Conservation Effort to Protect <strong>the</strong> Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphinsin Hong KongLun, Janice C.Y.The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, ChinaThe population biology <strong>of</strong> Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Hong Kongand adjacent waters has been studied intensively since 1995. The dolphin population appearsto occur in <strong>the</strong> Pearl River Estuary and <strong>the</strong> western Hong Kong waters. Currently, <strong>the</strong> bestavailable estimate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total population in <strong>the</strong> Pearl River Estuary is 1,400 dolphins, in which253 individuals have been photographically identified. From <strong>the</strong> mark-recapture analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>photo-identification data, about 343 dolphins <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population use Hong Kong waters, at leastseasonally. An extensive stranding investigation programme has also been initiated since 1995and a number <strong>of</strong> human-related threats have been found among stranded dolphins. The threatsinclude habitat loss, marine pollution, depletion <strong>of</strong> food resources, intensive vessel traffic andfishery by-catch. In order to enable <strong>the</strong> humpback dolphins to continuously use Hong Kongwaters as a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir population range and to enhance <strong>the</strong>ir continued survival in <strong>the</strong> PearlRiver Estuary, a conservation programme for <strong>the</strong> dolphins was prepared in 2000. A four-prongedapproach involving management, public education, research, and cross-boundary cooperationwere recommended in <strong>the</strong> conservation programme. Management will aim at improving <strong>the</strong>habitat for <strong>the</strong> dolphins and at minimizing <strong>the</strong> effects from human activities that may threaten<strong>the</strong> short-term and long-term survival <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dolphins in Hong Kong. Public education willimprove <strong>the</strong> community’s understanding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> issue and solicit <strong>the</strong>ir support for <strong>the</strong> conservationprogramme. Research will increase our knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species and provide <strong>the</strong> scientificbasis and input for improving, refining, and updating <strong>the</strong> conservation strategy. Cross-boundarycooperation will help to improve co-ordination with Mainland authorities in developing andimplementing joint conservation actions.146 CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 - 2005
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CMS Technical Series Publication N
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Published by the U
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TABLE OF CONTENTSpage1. Preliminari
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AppendicesAppendix 1 - List <strong
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8 CMS Technical Series Publication
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10 CMS Technical Series Publication
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The cetacean species reviewed inclu
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Table 1. Major commercial Commonwea
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(2) State Legislation.In state wate
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(2) Identification of</stro
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Coastal speciesThe most frequently
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Coastal speciesThere are currently
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and Guangxi Provinces (Yang et al.
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Table 3. Records of</strong
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can be viewed as the</stron
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Workshop participa
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ioaccumulation have not yet been ex
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of fishermen who h
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are supplied to scholars and organi
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threats. Many marine mammal populat
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waters or recognize important inter
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James Cook University (Queensland,
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the last ten years
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proactive in engaging more staff an
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of SE Asia. Two sp
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San Francisco (Negros Oriental); Li
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Legal status and present management
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within 15 kilometers from t
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US, has actively participated in ce
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the project was su
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Recently, the camp
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Mekong River downstream of<
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porpoises in tropical waters <stron
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species in the Ind
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Population/stock structureNo new in
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Needs for additional researchStock
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waters of SE Asia,
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caused mortality is certainly large
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Needs for additional researchProper
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from SE Asia, it is known to occur
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3.1.7 AustraliaDugongs occur all al
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Table 8. Conservation objectives id
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3) Monitoring and assessment <stron
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Table 10. Outline of</stron
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The group agreed that this set <str
Page 95 and 96: 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThe works
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Page 99 and 100: Bank, E. 1931. A popular account <s
Page 101 and 102: Dalebout, M. L., J. G. Mead, C. Sco
Page 103 and 104: Jaaman, S. A., E. Tangon, I. Isnain
Page 105 and 106: Lin, Y.-J. 1997. Mitochondrial DNA
Page 107 and 108: Smith, B.D., T. A. Jefferson, D. Ho
Page 109 and 110: Yang, W.-C. 2000. Morbillivirus inf
Page 111 and 112: CHOU Lien-SiangDepartment o
Page 113 and 114: Brian D. SMITHWildlife Conservation
Page 115 and 116: APPENDIX 3Agenda1. Preliminaries2.
Page 117 and 118: Doc. 22 Dugong conservation activit
Page 119 and 120: AreaDatesSurveyTypeEffortSpeciesNo.
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Page 129 and 130: f) recognizing that by-catch in fis
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Page 133 and 134: APPENDIX 9Abstracts of</str
Page 135 and 136: The (IUCN Critically Endangered) Du
Page 137 and 138: Status of
Page 139 and 140: Cetacean Habitats in the</s
Page 141 and 142: Conservation of <s
Page 143 and 144: Summary of Current
Page 145: Indonesia’s Cetacean Migration Co
Page 149 and 150: The Status of <str
Page 151 and 152: Can the Developing
Page 153 and 154: Status and Conservation of<
Page 155 and 156: Legal Hunting of C
Page 157 and 158: Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (T
Page 159 and 160: Feasibility Study of</stron
Page 161 and 162: Songs of a Humpbac
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