<str<strong>on</strong>g>Annual</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Report</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> Situati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Rights</strong> <strong>Defenders</strong> <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a (2009)April 26, 2010A series <strong>of</strong> high-pr<strong>of</strong>ile acti<strong>on</strong>s aga<strong>in</strong>st established NGOs <strong>in</strong> Beij<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dicated that <strong>the</strong>government might be mov<strong>in</strong>g to fur<strong>the</strong>r repress <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> civil society.It must be noted as well that <strong>the</strong> absolute prohibiti<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> political associati<strong>on</strong>s c<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>ued<strong>in</strong> 2009, and Ch<strong>in</strong>ese citizens who tried to organize or form a political party sufferedpredictably serious c<strong>on</strong>sequences. In 2009, two organizers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> banned Ch<strong>in</strong>aDemocracy Party, 2 Wang R<strong>on</strong>gq<strong>in</strong>g ( <strong>in</strong> Zhejiang Prov<strong>in</strong>ce and Xie Changfa (<strong>in</strong> Hunan Prov<strong>in</strong>ce, were c<strong>on</strong>victed <strong>of</strong> “subversi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> state power” and sentenced谢 王to six and thirteen years <strong>of</strong> impris<strong>on</strong>ment, respectively. 3 Also <strong>in</strong> 2009, Guo Quan (former associate pr<strong>of</strong>essor at Nanj<strong>in</strong>g Normal University, was sentenced to ten years <strong>in</strong>pris<strong>on</strong> for “subversi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> state power” for establish<strong>in</strong>g Ch<strong>in</strong>a New People’s Party 4 (seealso p.45). 5郭) 清 荣1. Freedom <strong>of</strong> assemblyThe Ch<strong>in</strong>ese government took no c<strong>on</strong>crete acti<strong>on</strong>s to protect citizens’ right to freedom <strong>of</strong>assembly <strong>in</strong> 2009. The “Law <strong>on</strong> Assemblies, Processi<strong>on</strong>s and Dem<strong>on</strong>strati<strong>on</strong>s” 6(hereafter referred to as “<strong>the</strong> Assembly Law”) and a host <strong>of</strong> adm<strong>in</strong>istrative regulati<strong>on</strong>sc<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>ued to restrict citizens from exercis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir right to assembly. In <strong>the</strong> twenty yearss<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> Assembly Law came <strong>in</strong>to effect, CHRD is not aware <strong>of</strong> any applicati<strong>on</strong>ssubmitted by Ch<strong>in</strong>ese citizens to hold dem<strong>on</strong>strati<strong>on</strong>s aga<strong>in</strong>st government policies,regulati<strong>on</strong>s or <strong>of</strong>ficials approved by Public Security Bureaus (PSB). Individuals whoapplied or attempted to apply to dem<strong>on</strong>strate were denied approval, and <strong>in</strong> many casessuffered detenti<strong>on</strong> and even impris<strong>on</strong>ment. For example, Zhou Duo ( a participant<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1989 pro-democracy protests, was subjected to “s<strong>of</strong>t detenti<strong>on</strong>” 7 <strong>on</strong> May 25 by <strong>the</strong>police <strong>in</strong> order to prevent him from submitt<strong>in</strong>g an applicati<strong>on</strong> to <strong>the</strong> Public Order Unit 8 <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Beij<strong>in</strong>g PSB to hold a protest to commemorate <strong>the</strong> Tiananmen Square Massacre <strong>on</strong>June 4. 9 Zhou was later released.周) 发 长泉 ),舵 ),Because <strong>the</strong> prospects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> PSB actually grant<strong>in</strong>g approval for a dem<strong>on</strong>strati<strong>on</strong> are soslim, <strong>in</strong>dividuals with grievances <strong>of</strong>ten resort to sp<strong>on</strong>taneous ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs and protests tovoice <strong>the</strong>ir disc<strong>on</strong>tent. Crowds ga<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong> groups rang<strong>in</strong>g from dozens to tens <strong>of</strong> thousandsto protest aga<strong>in</strong>st grievances such as forced land expropriati<strong>on</strong>, evicti<strong>on</strong> and demoliti<strong>on</strong>,polluti<strong>on</strong>, and <strong>the</strong> privatizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> state enterprises. At times, crowds ga<strong>the</strong>r rapidly <strong>in</strong>resp<strong>on</strong>se to <strong>the</strong> unfold<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> events symptomatic <strong>of</strong> deeper social <strong>in</strong>justices that strike aparticular chord with <strong>the</strong> citizens. For example, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> June 17 “Shishou Incident” <strong>in</strong>Shishou City, Hubei Prov<strong>in</strong>ce, tens <strong>of</strong> thousands turned out to protest follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>suspicious death <strong>of</strong> a 23-year old cook. 10While police may at first allow peaceful ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> citizens to take place under tightsupervisi<strong>on</strong>, <strong>on</strong>ce <strong>the</strong>y decide <strong>on</strong> a course <strong>of</strong> acti<strong>on</strong> or receive <strong>in</strong>structi<strong>on</strong>s from above asto how to proceed, <strong>the</strong>y usually move to disperse <strong>the</strong>se ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs. Participants arefrequently harassed, threatened, deta<strong>in</strong>ed and assaulted by <strong>the</strong> police. In large-scaleprotests, <strong>the</strong> People’s Armed Police are sometimes mobilized as well. “Illegal” protests8
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Annual</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Report</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> Situati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Rights</strong> <strong>Defenders</strong> <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a (2009)April 26, 2010and strikes by workers are also comm<strong>on</strong>, as workers lack formal channels (such as<strong>in</strong>dependent uni<strong>on</strong>s) to negotiate and resolve c<strong>on</strong>flicts with <strong>the</strong>ir employers. 11• On February 23 and 24, dozens <strong>of</strong> citizens cha<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong>mselves toge<strong>the</strong>r outside <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Chengdu Intermediate Court <strong>in</strong> Sichuan Prov<strong>in</strong>ce to protest corrupti<strong>on</strong> with<strong>in</strong><strong>the</strong> judicial system and unfair or improper decisi<strong>on</strong>s made by <strong>the</strong> courts. Clad <strong>in</strong>white hats and carry<strong>in</strong>g handmade signs with <strong>the</strong> character “<strong>in</strong>justice,” <strong>the</strong>protestors chanted “down with corrupt <strong>of</strong>ficials,” “give us back our human rights”and o<strong>the</strong>r slogans. Around 3 p.m. <strong>on</strong> February 24, <strong>the</strong> police, who had l<strong>on</strong>g beenobserv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> protest, asked <strong>the</strong> organizers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> protest to meet <strong>the</strong>m <strong>in</strong>side <strong>the</strong>courthouse for talks. After <strong>the</strong>organizers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> protestentered <strong>the</strong> courthouse, <strong>the</strong>police seized <strong>the</strong>m, and a fewhours later, <strong>the</strong> protestorsoutside were surrounded bymore than 100 police, whotook at least 22 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>protestors <strong>in</strong>to custody. Atotal <strong>of</strong> ten <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se protestorsand activists have beenarrested and charged with“ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g crowds to disturbsocial order.” They are nowpend<strong>in</strong>g trial. 12Protestors outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chengdu Intermediate Court<strong>on</strong> February 23 and 24• On February 15, five workers at a silk factory <strong>in</strong> T<strong>on</strong>gliang County, Ch<strong>on</strong>gq<strong>in</strong>gMunicipality, were taken <strong>in</strong>to custody for organiz<strong>in</strong>g a year-l<strong>on</strong>g occupati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> factory. The five were representatives <strong>of</strong> about 800 dismissed workers whohave been seek<strong>in</strong>g unpaid pensi<strong>on</strong>s and medical <strong>in</strong>surance follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> factory’sclosure. T<strong>on</strong>gliang authorities released three <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> representatives after <strong>the</strong>y spentbetween 10 and 15 days <strong>in</strong> adm<strong>in</strong>istrative detenti<strong>on</strong>, but formally arrested twoo<strong>the</strong>r representatives, Hu Weim<strong>in</strong> ( and Tang Aim<strong>in</strong> ( <strong>on</strong> March20 <strong>on</strong> suspici<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> “ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g crowds to disturb social order.” 13唐 胡Given <strong>the</strong> restricti<strong>on</strong>s barr<strong>in</strong>g ord<strong>in</strong>ary citizens from assembl<strong>in</strong>g, it is not surpris<strong>in</strong>g thathuman rights defenders face even greater difficulties. <strong>Human</strong> rights defenders are <strong>of</strong>tenprevented from c<strong>on</strong>ven<strong>in</strong>g or participat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> peaceful ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs such as forums,sem<strong>in</strong>ars, commemorative events, or simply lunche<strong>on</strong>s or d<strong>in</strong>ners.) 民 卫), 民 爱9In 2009, police assaulted, deta<strong>in</strong>ed, and summ<strong>on</strong>ed potential participants <strong>in</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gsorganized by human rights defenders. They also took o<strong>the</strong>r steps, such as pressur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><strong>in</strong>dividuals who own <strong>the</strong> sites where such events are scheduled to take place, to prevent<strong>the</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>gs from tak<strong>in</strong>g place. For example, <strong>on</strong> February 16, a work<strong>in</strong>g c<strong>on</strong>ferenceorganized by Aizhix<strong>in</strong>g Research Institute, a Beij<strong>in</strong>g-based NGO work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>on</strong> AIDSissues, was <strong>in</strong>terrupted when <strong>the</strong> Beij<strong>in</strong>g police arrived at <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>ference and demanded