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al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 693. An increase in the number of people who take part in the burialprayer for deceased fellow believers, showing their condolence,compassion, and commiseration because al-Êm§n means wealthand welfare.4. An increase in love for the Messenger ( ß).Every true moral act that is achievable by everyone everywhere inthe world belongs to the realm of al-isl§m. The followers of MuÈammad’smessengerhood do not possess a monopoly over moral righteousness.We know that high moral virtues existed before the life ofthe Prophet (ß), who embodied some of these noble virtues, hencethey are not essentially grounded in his sunna. The fact that theywere also embodied by people before him shows us that they can befound outside the realm of al-Êm§n. In contrast, the (very specific andparticular) rituals practised by the followers of MuÈammad’s messengerhoodbelong exclusively to the realm of al-Êm§n. Al-Êm§n cameafter al-isl§m, not before. It is not correct to say that al-isl§m wasimposed on earlier religions because we know that there was no otherreligion that existed before al-isl§m. It is, however, correct to say thatal-Êm§n was imposed on earlier religions. Sårat MuÈammad statesthat people had faith in MuÈammad (ß) ( al-Êm§n) after they hadbelieved in something else (‘He will remove from them their ills andimprove their condition’, MuÈammad 47:2). Al-isl§m, with its beliefin the existence of God and good deeds, is firmly placed in this worldand yet also leads into the Next. As for al-Êm§n, its place is also inthis world but, unlike al-isl§m, it is separated from the state and theorganisations of civil society. This aspect will be further explainedin chapter 6.To talk about a currently ongoing Islamic revival is nonsense. Ifwe take the example of Egypt and look at what has happened in thiscountry between 1970 and today, we see that al-isl§m has almostentirely disappeared. We are observing a deep slumber, not an awakening!In contrast, in other so-called non-Islamic countries we recognisethat al-isl§m is everywhere because in those countries wealth andwelfare are ever growing, bypassing the so-called Islamic countriesby a hundred miles.The current reawakening of faith ( al-ßaÈwa al-Êm§niyya), it is sad tosay, will not feed us, will not eradicate hunger and poverty, and willdo nothing to reform state and society. Its focus on prayer, dhikr,recitation, death, Paradise and Hell, that is, on life in the next world,
70chapter onewill only improve the state of the individual’s soul, it will do nothingfor society at large. It replaces a life-affirming attitude with an obsessionwith death and the Afterlife. It will keep the believers unsympatheticto the plights and sufferings in this world as it will shut theireyes to the glaring despotism and autocracy of the political tyrantswho seem to have been installed everywhere. It is a sobering thoughtthat the impact of an increase in prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage onpolitical culture is laughably negligible, and the political regimes willfeel its weight like that of a dust speck.
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The Qur"an, Morality and Critical R
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The Qur"an, Moralityand Critical Re
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table of contentsvTABLE OF CONTENTS
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foreword by dale f. eickelmanviiFOR
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foreword by dale f. eickelmanixdeve
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foreword by dale f. eickelmanxilike
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foreword by dale f. eickelmanxiiiAC
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abbreviationsxvUSED TRANSLATIONS AN
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muhammad shahrur’s life and workx
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introduction by muhammad shahrur 1I
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introduction by muhammad shahrur 3I
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introduction by muhammad shahrur 5d
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introduction by muhammad shahrur 7a
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introduction by muhammad shahrur 9a
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introduction by muhammad shahrur 11
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Page 68 and 69: introduction by muhammad shahrur 19
Page 70 and 71: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 21CHAPTER O
Page 72 and 73: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 23Disprovin
Page 74 and 75: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 256. To int
Page 76 and 77: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 27(muslimå
Page 78 and 79: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 29natural r
Page 80 and 81: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 31‘the re
Page 82 and 83: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 33indigent
Page 84 and 85: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 35belief in
Page 86 and 87: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 37From Mose
Page 88 and 89: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 39and 46:15
Page 90 and 91: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 41they shou
Page 92 and 93: 4.al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 43Do not
Page 94 and 95: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 45- This re
Page 96 and 97: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 47despicabl
Page 98 and 99: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 49The tradi
Page 100 and 101: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 51Those who
Page 102 and 103: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 53what is r
Page 104 and 105: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 55between t
Page 106 and 107: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 57let him w
Page 108 and 109: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 59As for th
Page 110 and 111: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 61fair and
Page 112 and 113: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 63The same
Page 114 and 115: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 65The two v
Page 116 and 117: al-isl§m and al-Êm§n 67Until now
Page 120 and 121: the sunna of the prophet 71CHAPTER
Page 122 and 123: the sunna of the prophet 73These tw
Page 124 and 125: the sunna of the prophet 75nessed t
Page 126 and 127: the sunna of the prophet 77the bene
Page 128 and 129: the sunna of the prophet 79not as a
Page 130 and 131: the sunna of the prophet 81The trut
Page 132 and 133: the sunna of the prophet 832. The s
Page 134 and 135: the sunna of the prophet 85Sunna ov
Page 136 and 137: the sunna of the prophet 87When we
Page 138 and 139: the sunna of the prophet 89“O my
Page 140 and 141: the sunna of the prophet 91This ver
Page 142 and 143: the sunna of the prophet 93vigilant
Page 144 and 145: the sunna of the prophet 95ancient
Page 146 and 147: the sunna of the prophet 97how our
Page 148 and 149: the sunna of the prophet 99greater
Page 150 and 151: the sunna of the prophet 101crimes?
Page 152 and 153: the sunna of the prophet 103prove t
Page 154 and 155: the sunna of the prophet 105Wisdom
Page 156 and 157: the sunna of the prophet 107or need
Page 158 and 159: the sunna of the prophet 109of mira
Page 160 and 161: the sunna of the prophet 111ijtih§
Page 162 and 163: the sunna of the prophet 113A final
Page 164 and 165: evelation 115CHAPTER THREEREVELATIO
Page 166 and 167: evelation 117Are we right in saying
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evelation 119not two separate terms
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evelation 121two completely differe
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evelation 123And all things have We
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evelation 125III) Explanation of th
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evelation 127The Ambiguous VersesAg
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evelation 129In the above verse, th
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evelation 131There is, in their sto
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evelation 133tissues, and organs of
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evelation 135And We sent none befor
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evelation 137just the meaning of th
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evelation 139of why the qur"§n is
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evelation 141prerecorded before its
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evelation 143the general qur"§n. I
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The Approving and Controlling Natur
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evelation 147with the sum of scient
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evelation 149Based on this insight
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evelation 151that we do not accept
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evelation 153had been to deliver th
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evelation 155China), or that occur
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evelation 157In describing the reve
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Al-inz§l and al-tanzÊl of the umm
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evelation 161(God) most gracious is
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evelation 163- The umm al-kit§b an
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evelation 165“[But] you, soul [ a
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1. Allah as Sovereign ( rabb):revel
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evelation 169people. There is no di
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evelation 171“All things are from
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evelation 173al-kit§b, and somethi
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evelation 175Content:Keys to the un
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the theory of limits 177CHAPTER FOU
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the theory of limits 179The answer
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the theory of limits 181also connot
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the theory of limits 183fashion, an
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the theory of limits 185for this. T
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the theory of limits 187that someti
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the theory of limits 189filled by h
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the theory of limits 191much tolera
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the theory of limits 193from a heig
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the theory of limits 195but if it b
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the theory of limits 197Common wisd
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the theory of limits 199Said (Phara
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the theory of limits 201sider our c
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the theory of limits 203We notice a
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the theory of limits 205the verse m
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the theory of limits 207compassion
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the theory of limits 2096.Curvature
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the theory of limits 211transfer wi
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the theory of limits 213God’s way
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the theory of limits 215legal verse
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8.the theory of limits 217of hatred
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women and islamic law 219CHAPTER FI
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women and islamic law 221MuÈammad
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women and islamic law 223flow of hi
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women and islamic law 225boundaries
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women and islamic law 227jurisdicti
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women and islamic law 229shares, ho
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women and islamic law 231unfortunat
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women and islamic law 233The phrase
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women and islamic law 235or a siste
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women and islamic law 237had turned
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women and islamic law 239The Limits
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women and islamic law 241Case (A):
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women and islamic law 243Rule: 50 p
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women and islamic law 245ithnatain)
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women and islamic law 247b. For the
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We attain: 2 x X-1and, as a result:
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women and islamic law 2513. The dec
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women and islamic law 253Is it the
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women and islamic law 255If the man
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women and islamic law 257Bequest/Te
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lwomen and islamic law 259X= FMas p
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women and islamic law 261To orphans
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women and islamic law 263Hence, All
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women and islamic law 265Can men no
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women and islamic law 2672. Qualita
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women and islamic law 269MuÈammad
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women and islamic law 271in Syria n
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women and islamic law 273Permitted
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women and islamic law 275- ‘By [t
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women and islamic law 277always pro
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women and islamic law 279The Verse
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women and islamic law 281competence
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women and islamic law 283possess qa
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women and islamic law 285has lost h
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women and islamic law 287So far we
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women and islamic law 289[bu#ålatu
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women and islamic law 291and reques
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women and islamic law 293Arabic dic
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women and islamic law 295The Proble
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women and islamic law 297If we look
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women and islamic law 299body, as i
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women and islamic law 301of a consc
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women and islamic law 303According
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women and islamic law 305[upper] pr
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women and islamic law 307And those
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women and islamic law 309The last v
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women and islamic law 311We hear ab
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women and islamic law 313beauty (de
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women and islamic law 315List of ma
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women and islamic law 317who are me
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women and islamic law 319not given
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women and islamic law 321human. If
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women and islamic law 323because of
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women and islamic law 325(the dress
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women and islamic law 3273. Headsca
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political islam 329CHAPTER SIXPOLIT
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political islam 331al-qadar (object
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political islam 333An awareness of
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political islam 335messengers (ß):
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political islam 337and authority of
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political islam 339the very lenient
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political islam 341other god but Go
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political islam 343circulating a È
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political islam 345graded as (only)
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political islam 347‘By God, I wil
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political islam 349he will fight yo
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political islam 351As for al-Zaburq
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political islam 353Islamists have t
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political islam 355Let us return to
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political islam 357a society and be
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political islam 359hesitate to give
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political islam 361indeed occurred
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political islam 363stream views. Pe
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political islam 365government. We t
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political islam 367Hell, knowledge
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political islam 369Creator was an a
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political islam 371Book’s Èar§m
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political islam 373human beings wil
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political islam 375mission and his
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political islam 377means that the P
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political islam 379‘First/Old Tes
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political islam 381limits of Allah
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political islam 383- ma#rifa refers
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political islam 385such a person th
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political islam 387Let us now retur
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political islam 389“The Exalted s
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political islam 391As for the Èad
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political islam 393violence to impo
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political islam 395killing of the t
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political islam 397of their prime e
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political islam 399We did a foretim
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political islam 401reiterates the l
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political islam 403[shahÊd un ] to
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political islam 405If any of your w
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political islam 407He corrects them
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political islam 409if someone witne
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political islam 4112.3.within an ad
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political islam 413These verses ask
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political islam 415(#ara· al-Èay
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political islam 417the fight of the
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political islam 4195. Physical elim
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political islam 4212.3.all inhabita
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political islam 423Fight ( al-qit§
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political islam 425such as the duty
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political islam 427minority—and t
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political islam 429The Aims and Obj
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political islam 431In the context o
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political islam 433servitude, and t
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political islam 435ditional main an
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political islam 437once, but the ea
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political islam 439destruction of r
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Causes and Conditions of al-qit§lp
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political islam 443violate the prin
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political islam 4452:190-93 constit
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political islam 447stench of the au
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political islam 449assassination of
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political islam 451It follows from
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political islam 453Believers (‘O
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political islam 455the fighters’
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political islam 457c)that want (sel
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political islam 459Allah alone who
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political islam 461to edify, to adm
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political islam 463defies a (peacef
Page 514 and 515:
political islam 465ars, the more po
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political islam 467people, or the G
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political islam 469does not totally
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political islam 471we (Muslim-Belie
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political islam 473relationship bet
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political islam 475tion of ‘kinsh
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political islam 477is experienced a
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political islam 479so strongly that
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political islam 481one with the oth
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conclusion 483CONCLUSIONIn the intr
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conclusion 485ground. And one does
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conclusion 4877. We have treated th
Page 538 and 539:
12.conclusion 489ning nor at the en
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conclusion 491actually took place i
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conclusion 493society, the Messenge
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conclusion 495sunna the function of
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conclusion 497different perspective
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conclusion 499the fetters of a reli
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interview with muhammad shahrur 501
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glossary of terms and concepts 537G
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glossary of terms and concepts 539T
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ibliography 559Monographs by Muhamm
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ibliography 561———. Sab# qa·
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ibliography 563- Ußål al-fiqh all
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ibliography 565‘ayd§wÊ, Yåsuf
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ibliography 567Syamsuddin, Sahiron.
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ibliography 569———. Modernist
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index 571INDEXal-abaw§n (caregiver
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index 573discrimination see equalit
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index 575Ibn JinnÊ, Ab å ’l-Fat
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index 577lic 204-206; human behavio
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index 579pilgrimage (al-Èajj) 22,
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index 581al-rij§l xliii-xliv, xlvi
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index 583(195) 412; (196) 485; (208
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index 585Så rat MuÈammad [47] 357
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Social, Economic and PoliticalStudi
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