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evelation 173al-kit§b, and something from the realm of al-qadar was transformedinto something of al-qa·§". As a consequence, menstruating women,women in childbirth, and people of impurity are today not allowedto touch a copy of the qur"§n, only ink on white paper (!), which is,to say the least, simply outrageous.SummaryHermeneuticalquality of versesContentContext ofrevelationPossibility ofabrogationOriginInz§l and TanzÊlProphethood orMessengerhoodSovereignty orDivinityal-qur"§nambiguousThe truth of absolute realitythat allows humans’ relativeknowledge of it; it separatestruth from falsehoodNo causes of revelationNo‘Clear Record’ and‘Tablet preserved"Separate processes; al-inz§land al-ja#l precede al-tanzÊlProphethood (includes the‘explanation of the book’and the ‘seven oft-recited’)God’s sovereignty: it doesnot allow humans’ approvalor disapprovalal-qadar or al-qa·§" al-qadar: Allah’s predestinationof universal, objective,absolute laws of nature, thecosmos and society; historicalevents are determined aftertheir occurrenceInimitabilityThe qur"§n is inimitable dueto its quality of ‘ambiguity’and being subject tohistorical/philosophicalinterpretations ( al-ta"wÊl)umm al-kit§bdefiniteRules of human behaviour;it separates things that areallowed from things thatare absolute taboosResponds to historicalcircumstancesYesAllah’s throne: a directcommand from HimSimultaneous processeswithout preceding transformation( al-ja#l)MessengerhoodGod’s divinity: the area ofHis rules, instructions, andcommandmentsal-qa·§": the legal, ethical,and religious codes ofhuman behaviour; humanbeings have free will andchoose between acceptanceand refusalThe umm al-kit§b is notinimitable, but it is subjectto legal, ethical, andreligious interpretations( al-tafsÊr)