Re finem for Annot ment a Prima tated nd En ates K Biblio vironm ...

108Boccia ML 1989. Long-term effects of a natural foraging task on aggression and stereotypies insocially housed pigtail macaques. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 28(2), 18-19http://www.brown.edu/Research/Primate/lpn28-2.html#maria"A supplementary feeding of ... sunflower seeds were dispersed throughout the cage in thewoodchip bedding ... 4-6 hours after the group was fed their daily ration of chow and fruit. ...Two months following the introduction of the foraging task ... stereotypies remained depressed,and hairpulling remained rare. ... Exploration remained elevated, and agonistic behaviorsremained low."Brown DL, Gold KC 1997. Effects of straw bedding on non-social and abnormal behavior ofcaptive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). In Proceedings on the 2nd InternationalConference on Environmental Enrichment Holst B (ed), 27-35. Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg,Denmark"Two individuals were frequently observed to hold their ears or head while the exhibit was in anunbedded condition. This behavior virtually disappeared in the enriched condition. ... Of theeight individuals found to engage in coprophagy, five individuals were observed to exhibit thisbehavior in solely the unbedded condition."Bryant CE, Rupniak NMJ, Iversen SD 1988. Effects of different environmental enrichmentdevices on cage stereotypies and autoaggression in captive cynomolgus monkeys. JournalMedical Primatology 17, 257-269http://www.awionline.org/Lab_animals/biblio/jmp17-2.htm"Of the many activities available in the playpen, those that consistently captured the attention ofall the [single-housed] animals throughout the 3-week observation period were foraging [inwoodchip litter scattered with sunflower seeds placed below the grid floor of the cage]."Burt DA, Plant M 1990. Observations on a caging system for housing stump-tailed macaques.Animal Technology 41, 175-179http://www.awionline.org/Lab_animals/biblio/at-burt.htm"The removal of metal grids at the bottom of the cage and the introduction of direct access to asubstrate mixed with cereals and seeds, had a beneficial effect on the psychological well-being ofthe [single-housed] macaques by allowing foraging and, in our experience, up to 60% of ourmacaques' day is now spent in this pursuit."Byrne GD, Suomi SJ 1991. Effects of woodchips and buried food on behavior patterns andpsychological well-being of captive rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Primatology 23, 141-151The addition of woodchips increased exploration and feeding levels. Burial of regular monkeychow in woodchips had little effect on behavior beyond that of the woodchips alone, increasingexploration and decreasing passivity. The addition of sunflower seeds to the woodchipsencouraged increased feeding and exploration and led to decreased passivity and socialinteraction. No effect on abnormal behavior.Chamove AS 2001. Floor-covering research benefits primates. Australian Primatology 14(3), 16-19http://www.lisp.com.au/~primate/arnold.htm“The basic study involved scattering the smallest food items we could find either onto the barefloor or into some substrate... Aggression was reduced. .. Food intake was more evenlydistributed. ... We found NO bad effects ... The monkeys were foraging 14% of the time through