Re finem for Annot ment a Prima tated nd En ates K Biblio vironm ...

Bayne K, Hurst JK, Dexter SL 1992. Evaluation of the preference to and behavioral effects of anenriched environment on male rhesus monkeys. Laboratory Animal Science 42, 38-45"With simultaneous exposure, the single-housed subjects spent the greatest portion of theinteractive time [30 minute-observation sessions] on the perch [16.8%], the second greatestamount of time spent divided approximately equally between interacting with the Kong [5.0%]and Tug-A-Toy [4.9%], and the least amount of time spent manipulating the grooming board[0.4%]."Brinkman C 1998. Usefulness of swings for macaques. Primate Enrichment Forum (electronicdiscussion group), August 17, 1998"I have used swings with cynos and pigtails... My impression is that adult animals do not reallyuse them, that is, to 'swing'. Young animals like moving things, be they swings, or othersuspended items. My adults did not even use the swings much to perch on; my explanation is thaton a swing, you simply cannot easily relax. Animals cannot really sit on them, and especiallywith the cynos, you can see almost continuous movement in the tail, compensating in balance."Crockett CM, Bellanca RU, Bowers CL, Bowden DM 1997. Grooming-contact bars providesocial contact for individually caged laboratory primates. Contemporary Topics LaboratoryAnimal Science 36(6), 53-60"Monkeys in upper cages averaged 48%±27% SD of the time on the perch, compared with40%±25% SD for monkeys in lower cages."Davis E 2006. More fun with a barrel full of monkeys: A nonhuman primate swing made byrecycling plastic barrels. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 45(3), 9-11http://www.brown.edu/Research/Primate/lpn45-3.html#swing"The NIH Shared Animal Facilities’ enrichment program has developed a primate swing createdfrom recycling our discarded plastic 30- and 55-gallon detergent barrels. These swings are easyto construct and are effective in increasing our animals’ behavioral repertoires. Additionally,these swings are safe, portable, non-toxic, easy to sanitize, and almost indestructible. We haveused these barrels in our socially-housed monkey runs for over three years, and they are stillgoing strong!"Dexter SL, Bayne K 1994. Results of providing swings to individually housed rhesus monkeys(Macaca mulatta). Laboratory Primate Newsletter 33(2), 9-12http://www.brown.edu/Research/Primate/lpn33-2.html#bayneThe single-housed adult test subjects manipulated the swings but showed little inclination toactually use them for swinging.European Commission 2002. The Welfare of Non-human Primates - Report of the ScientificCommitte on Animal Health and Animal Welfare. European Commission, Strasbourg, Francehttp://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/scah/out83_en.pdfComprehensive updated recommendations on the species-appropriate care of nonhumanprimates."Enclosures for nonhuman primates should be equipped with one or more elevated restingsurfaces (to a position higher than the level at which they perceive threatening factors, e.g.,humans) and installed in such a way that an animal can sit on them comfortably. Perches orshelves should be provided in all cages.”118