Re finem for Annot ment a Prima tated nd En ates K Biblio vironm ...

133Novak MA, Rulf A, Munroe H, Parks K, Price C, O'Neill PL, Suomi SJ 1995. Using a standardto evaluate the effects of environmental enrichment. Lab Animal 24(6), 37-42Monkeys maintained on pine wood shavings showed an increase in agonism, scratch, andstereotypy.Reinhardt V 1997. The Wisconsin Gnawing Stick. AWIC Newsletter 7(3-4), 11-12http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/newsletters/v7n3/7n3reinh.htmAll 700 caged rhesus and 36 stumptailed macaques had continual access to gnawing sticks formore than 10 years. “Long-term exposure to the sticks has resulted in no recognizable healthhazards."Shefferly N, Fritz J, Howell S 1993. Toys as environmental enrichment for captive juvenilechimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Laboratory Primate Newsletter 32(2), 7-9http://www.brown.edu/Research/Primate/lpn32-2.html#jo”Whereas contact with the indestructible toy ball decreased over time, destructible objectsmaintained a consistent level of interest throughout the toys lifespan. ... There were no healthproblems or injuries associated with the destructible objects. No pieces of plastic were found infeces, indicating that none had been ingested.“Tresz H 1997. Providing enrichment at no cost. The Shape of Enrichment 6(4), 1-4"Green pine cones can cause severe diarrhea. Keepers should work only with old, opened-uppinecones."Regulations and GuidelinesAmerican Society of Primatologists 2000. American Society of Primatologists guidelines for theethical treatment of nonhuman primates. ASP Bulletin 24(4), 4“ASP members hold the following general principles in common:1. The most important of these principles is that we accept the responsibility of stewardship fornonhuman primates, and this responsibility must [sic] be reflected in our husbandry practicesand research protocols whether in field, laboratory, or other setting.3. Research with nonhuman primates should avoid pain and distress at every opportunity.5. We should make use of information on a species natural history to improve management andenrich environments, because physical and psychological well-being are essential not only to thehealth of the animals but also to the validity of the research results.6. Finally, we recognize that our concern should be extended to nonhuman primates once theyhave become 'surplus' to our research needs. This obligation entails ensuring quality care to theend of their natural lives whenever possible. .. While recognizing that some professional believeeuthanasia is an acceptable way to deal with surplus animals in some cases, we strongly urgethat other solutions be found whenever possible.“Canadian Council on Animal Care 1984. Chapter XX: Non-human primates. In Guide to theCare and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 2 Canadian Council on Animal Care (ed), 163-173. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, ONhttp://www.ccac.ca/en/CCAC_Programs/Guidelines_Policies/GUIDES/ENGLISH/V2_84/CHXX.HTM"Any primate housed alone will probably suffer from social deprivation, the stress from whichmay distort processes, both physiological and behavioural."