POLANDProgramme/Policy DocumentIncreas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Innovativeness of <strong>the</strong>Polish Economy until <strong>the</strong> year 2006National Programme of Preparation forEU MembershipGovernment Policy Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for Small<strong>and</strong> Medium-sized Enterprises <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>years 2003-2006Grants for entrepreneurship developmentAreas of Focus/Policy Instruments- approved <strong>in</strong> 2000- outl<strong>in</strong>es priority tasks both for central <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>and</strong>regional units/entrepreneurs- <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>in</strong>itiatives such as: creation of “Innocentrum”to promote <strong>and</strong> support <strong>the</strong> creation of new, <strong>in</strong>novativefirms; design promotion (<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g supportfor advisory services for <strong>SMEs</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field of <strong>in</strong>dustrialdesign); creation of technology <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial parks;stimulat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>novative attitudes; <strong>and</strong> promotion of SMEresearch networks- <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>novativeness of <strong>SMEs</strong> by <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gcompetitiveness <strong>and</strong> creat<strong>in</strong>g conditions for growth of<strong>in</strong>vestment expenditures <strong>and</strong> exports <strong>in</strong> SME sector- develop <strong>in</strong>stitutions which support <strong>SMEs</strong>- approved by <strong>the</strong> government <strong>in</strong> February 2003- established that policy will be based on <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>gassumptions:o activities will be of horizontal character <strong>and</strong> will beaddressed to all <strong>SMEs</strong> regardless of place of bus<strong>in</strong>essactivity, legal form, <strong>and</strong> type of bus<strong>in</strong>esso activities will aim to promote entrepreneurship,especially among <strong>the</strong> young, women, <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>icapped<strong>and</strong> unemployedo support will be addressed to bus<strong>in</strong>ess environment<strong>in</strong>stitutions that fulfill specific requirementso activities will be f<strong>in</strong>anced by <strong>the</strong> state budget, aid funds,Structural Funds, private funds of <strong>SMEs</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternationalbank creditso activities will be realized based on directives from <strong>the</strong>European Charter for <strong>SMEs</strong>o beyond <strong>the</strong>se guidel<strong>in</strong>es, regional activities will berealized as well- <strong>in</strong>tended as support to <strong>SMEs</strong>- adm<strong>in</strong>istered by PAED <strong>and</strong> f<strong>in</strong>anced from both statebudget <strong>and</strong> EU funds- entrepreneurs who receive grants are also eligible foro<strong>the</strong>r forms of support (e.g. tax relief)- grants are designed to co-f<strong>in</strong>ance both entrepreneurial<strong>in</strong>vestments <strong>and</strong> consult<strong>in</strong>g & advisory servicesSources: European Commission (2001c, 2001d, 2003d, 2003e, 2003m,n,o,p); UNECE (2003); national agencies’ <strong>in</strong>ternet sitesThe national programmes are followed up with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> framework of <strong>the</strong> EU’s Multiannual Programmefor enterprise <strong>and</strong> entrepreneurship. Thus, each year, countries’ progress towards fulfill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> objectives<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 10 areas of <strong>the</strong> European Charter for <strong>SMEs</strong> is followed up <strong>in</strong> an annual survey. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong>latest surveys (see Table 19 below), SME needs <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> B4 are primarily <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas of legislation <strong>and</strong>regulation, taxation <strong>and</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ancial matters. The areas with highest impact are taxation <strong>and</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ancialmatters, availability of skills, <strong>and</strong> streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> technological capability of small enterprises. TheB4 countries report that SME policies are most developed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas of education <strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g forentrepreneurship, cheaper <strong>and</strong> faster start-up, availability of skills, <strong>and</strong> taxation <strong>and</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ancial matters.The areas where <strong>the</strong> B4 foresee most policy action <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> com<strong>in</strong>g 12 months <strong>in</strong>clude: cheaper <strong>and</strong>faster start-up, availability of skills, more out of <strong>the</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle market, <strong>and</strong> streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> technologicalcapability of small enterprises.72
Table 19: B4 National Rank<strong>in</strong>gs of Areas of <strong>the</strong> European Charter for <strong>SMEs</strong>Area of <strong>the</strong>Charter1. Education<strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g forentrepreneurship2. Cheaper <strong>and</strong>faster start-up3. Betterlegislation <strong>and</strong>regulation4. Availability ofskills5. Improv<strong>in</strong>gonl<strong>in</strong>e access6. More out of <strong>the</strong>s<strong>in</strong>gle market7. Taxation <strong>and</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ancial matters8. Streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>the</strong> technologicalcapacity of smallenterprises9. Sucessful e-bus<strong>in</strong>ess models<strong>and</strong> top-classbus<strong>in</strong>ess support10. Developstronger,more effectiverepresentation ofsmall enterprises’<strong>in</strong>terestsSource: European Commission (2003s)Overall, it appears that <strong>the</strong> B4 countries have focused on <strong>and</strong> made much progress with develop<strong>in</strong>gthose areas where SME needs <strong>and</strong> structural impact are greatest, namely <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> areas of better legislation<strong>and</strong> regulation, cheaper <strong>and</strong> faster start-up, <strong>and</strong> taxation <strong>and</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ancial matters. In <strong>the</strong> future, policyaction will need to exp<strong>and</strong> its focus to <strong>in</strong>clude o<strong>the</strong>r mechanisms to foster SME development, namelyeducation <strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g for entrepreneurship, availability of skills, more out of <strong>the</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle market, <strong>and</strong>streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> technological capacity of small enterprises.EU Structural FundsIn which areasdo SME needstend to fall?Which areashave higheststructural impacton improv<strong>in</strong>g<strong>the</strong> bus<strong>in</strong>essenvironment <strong>in</strong>your country?- 2 (E)2 (PL)1 (PL) 2 (LV)3 (PL)3 (LV)2 (LT)2 (PL)3 (E) 1 (E)3 (LT)In what areas toyou believe yoursmall bus<strong>in</strong>essenvironment ismost developed?In what areas toyou foresee mostpolicy action <strong>in</strong><strong>the</strong> com<strong>in</strong>g 12months?1 (PL) 3 (LT)1 (LV)2 (LT)3 (E) 2 (LV)3 (LT)3 (E)1 (LT)- 2 (E)2 (PL)1(E)2 (E)2 (LV)1 (LT)3 (PL)3 (LV)2 (LT)1 (LV)1 (PL)1 (E)3 (LV)1 (PL)3 (E)2 (LV)2 (PL)1 (E)2 (LT)3 (LV)1 (LV)3 (PL)- 1 (LT) - 2 (E)1 (LT)3 (LT) - - -1 (LV) - 3 (PL) -With<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> framework of <strong>the</strong> EU Structural Funds, some €16 billion 23 are be<strong>in</strong>g spent on SMEtargetedprojects <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> period 2000-2006. Approximately one third of this Community aid to <strong>SMEs</strong>23This corresponds to approximately 11% of <strong>the</strong> total budget of <strong>the</strong> Structural Funds.73
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Sylvia Schwaag SergerEmily HanssonC
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About the International Organisatio
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PREFACEAccession to the Single Mark
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enterprise development. There are n
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BOXESBox 1: The ‘Knowledge-Based
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INTRODUCTIONAfter more than 10 year
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CHAPTER 1: FROM STABILISATION TO IN
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increased competitive pressure as B
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Box 2: On Innovation and Innovation
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- Page 39 and 40: e to the potential advantage of the
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- Page 47 and 48: Summing up, there are fewer economi
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- Page 57 and 58: Some interesting examples of cluste
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- Page 101 and 102: REFERENCESAlfonso, Antonio, Ludger
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- Page 109 and 110: APPENDIX I:Agenda for Working Group
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- Page 119 and 120: Regarding the role of policymaking,
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IKED - International Organisation f