ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Espionage, Intelligence, and Security Volume ...

Anti-Imperialist Territorial Nucleipeople (i.e., millions in the event of an aerial release of theanthrax bacterium) within hours.❚ FURTHER READING:PERIODICALS:Inglesby, Thomas V. “Bioterrorist Threats: What the InfectiousDisease Community Should Know about Anthraxand Plague.” Emerging Infections 5. Washington, DC:American Society for Microbiology Press, 2001.ELECTRONIC:Central Intelligence Agency. ”The Global Infectious DiseaseThreat and Its Implications for the United States.“January 2000. (22 November 2002).World Health Organization. ”Strengthening Global Preparednessfor Defense against Infectious DiseaseThreats.“ Statement to the United States Senate Committeeon Foreign Relations Hearing on The Threat ofBioterrorism and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. 5September 2001. (24 November 2002).SEE ALSOBiocontainment LaboratoriesBiological WarfareCDC (United States Centers for Disease Control andPrevention)L-Gel Decontamination ReagentPathogensPublic Health Service (PHS), United StatesAnti-Imperialist TerritorialNuclei (NTA)The Anti-Imperialist Territorial Nuclei (NTA) is a small(approximately 20 members) clandestine leftist extremistgroup that appeared in the Friuli region in Italy in 1995.NTA adopted the class struggle ideology of the Red Brigadeof the 1970s-80s and a similar logo—an encircledfive-point star—for their declarations. The group opposeswhat it perceives as U.S. and NATO imperialism andcondemns Italy’s foreign and labor polices. NTA opposesboth the U.S. and the NATO presence in Italy. NTA attackedproperty owned by U.S. Air Forces personnel atAviano Air Base. The NTA also claimed responsibility for abomb attack in September, 2000, against the Central EuropeanInitiative office in Trieste and a bomb attack inAugust, 2001, against the Venice Tribunal building. NTAmembers threw gasoline bombs at the Venice and Romeheadquarters of the then-ruling party, Democrats of theLeft, during the NATO intervention in Kosovo.The NTA operates in northeastern Italy, including theFriuli, Veneto, and Emilia regions.❚ FURTHER READING:ELECTRONIC:CDI (Center for Defense Information), Terrorism Project.CDI Fact Sheet: Current List of Designated Foreign TerroristOrganizations. March 27, 2003. (April 17, 2003).Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook, 2002. (April 16, 2003).Taylor, Francis X. U.S. Department of State. ”Patterns ofGlobal Terrorism 2001,“ Annual Report: On the recordbriefing. May 21, 2002 (April 17,2003).U.S. Department of State. Annual reports. (April 16, 2003).SEE ALSOTerrorism, Philosophical and Ideological OriginsTerrorist and Para-State OrganizationsTerrorist Organization List, United StatesTerrorist Organizations, Freezing of AssetsAPIS (Advance PassengerInformation System)The Advance Passenger Information System (APIS) is anelectronic database system that stores information aboutairline travelers. The system, operated by the United StatesCustoms Service, the Immigration and Naturalization Service(INS), and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),provides searchable biographical and security informationon air travelers entering the United States from aforeign location.As of March 1, 2003, the newly created United StatesDepartment of Homeland Security (DHS) absorbed theformer Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). AllINS border patrol agents and investigators—along withagents from the U.S. Customs Service and TransportationSecurity Administration—were placed under the directionof the DHS Directorate of Border and Transportation Security(BTS). Responsibility for U.S. border security and theenforcement of immigration laws was transferred to BTS.BTS is scheduled to incorporate the United StatesCustoms Service (previously part of the Department ofTreasury), the enforcement division of the Immigrationand Naturalization Service (previously part of the Departmentof Justice), the Animal and Plant Health InspectionService (previously part of the Department of Agriculture),the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (previouslypart of the Department of Treasury), Transportation SecurityAdministration (previously part of the Department ofTransportation) and the Federal Protective Service (previouslypart of the General Services Administration).44 Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security