ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Espionage, Intelligence, and Security Volume ...

Allied Democratic ForcesTaylor, Francis X. U.S. Department of State. Patterns ofGlobal Terrorism 2001, Annual Report: On the recordbriefing. May 21, 2002 (April 17,2003).U.S. Department of State. Annual reports. (April 16, 2003).SEE ALSOTerrorism, Philosophical and Ideological OriginsTerrorist and Para-State OrganizationsTerrorist Organization List, United StatesTerrorist Organizations, Freezing of AssetsSEE ALSOTerrorism, Philosophical and Ideological OriginsTerrorist and Para-State OrganizationsTerrorist Organization List, United StatesTerrorist Organizations, Freezing of AssetsAl-Qaeda (also known asAl-Qaida)Allied DemocraticForces (ADF)The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) is a diverse coalitionof a few hundred fighters from the National Army for theLiberation of Uganda (NALU), Islamists from the SalafTabliq group, Hutu militiamen, and fighters from oustedregimes in Congo. The conglomeration of fighters formedin 1995 in opposition to the government of UgandanPresident Yoweri Museveni. The ADF seeks to use thekidnapping and murder of civilians to create fear in thelocal population and undermine confidence in the government.The group is suspected to be responsible for dozensof bombings in public areas. A Ugandan military offensivein 2000 destroyed several ADF camps, but ADF attackscontinued in Kampala in 2001.ADF operates in western Uganda and eastern Congo.ADF has received funding, supplies, and training from thegovernment of Sudan and perhaps from sympatheticHutu groups.❚ FURTHER READING:ELECTRONIC:CDI (Center for Defense Information), Terrorism Project.CDI Fact Sheet: Current List of Designated Foreign TerroristOrganizations. March 27, 2003. (April 17, 2003).Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook, 2002. (April 16, 2003).Taylor, Francis X. U.S. Department of State. “Patterns ofGlobal Terrorism 2001,” Annual Report: On the recordbriefing. May 21, 2002 (April 17,2003).U.S. Department of State. Annual reports. (April 16, 2003).Responsible for the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacksupon the United States, Al-Qaeda (also known as Al-Qaida) was established by Osama bin Ladin (also spelledUsama Bin Ladin or Osama bin Laden) in the late 1980s tobring together Arabs who fought in Afghanistan againstthe Soviet Union. Al-Qaeda helped finance, recruit, transport,and train Sunni Islamic extremists for the Afghanresistance. Al-Qaeda’s current goal is to establish a pan-Islamic Caliphate by working with allied Islamic extremistgroups to overthrow regimes it deems “non-Islamic” andexpelling Westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries.Al-Qaeda has issued statement under banner of“The World Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews andCrusaders” in February 1998, saying it was the duty of allMuslims to kill U.S. citizens—civilian or military—andtheir allies anywhere in the world. The World Islamic Frontfor Jihad merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Al-Jihad) inJune 2001.Organization activities. On September 11, 2001, 19 al-Qaedasuicide attackers hijacked and crashed four U.S. commercialjets, two into the World Trade Center in New York City,one into the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., and a fourthinto a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, leaving about3,000 individuals dead or missing. Al-Qaeda also directedthe October, 12, 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole in the portof Aden, Yemen, killing 17 U.S. Navy crewmembers, andinjuring another 39. Al-Qaeda also admitted responsibilityfor the bombings in August 1998 of the U.S. embassies inNairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, that killed atleast 301 individuals and injured more than 5,000 others.Al-Qaeda claims to have shot down U.S. helicopters andkilled U.S. servicemen in Somalia in 1993 and to haveconducted three bombings that targeted U.S. troops inAden, Yemen, in December 1992.Al-Qaeda is linked to unrealized plans to assassinatePope John Paul II during his visit to Manila in late 1994; aplan to kill President Clinton during a visit to the Philippinesin early 1995; the planned midair bombing of adozen U.S. trans-Pacific flights in 1995; and plans to set offa bomb at Los Angeles International Airport in 1999. They26 Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security