ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Espionage, Intelligence, and Security Volume ...

Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and SecurityK. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, editorsProject EditorStephen CusackEditorialErin Bealmear, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock,Miranda Ferrara, Kristin Hart, Melissa Hill,Carol Schwartz, Christine Tomassini, MichaelJ. Tyrkus, Peter GareffaPermissionsLori HinesImaging and MultimediaDean Dauphinais, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, MaryK. Grimes, Lezlie Light, Luke RademacherProduct DesignKate ScheibleManufacturingRhonda Williams© 2004 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of TheGale Group, Inc., a division of ThomsonLearning, Inc.Gale and Design and Thomson Learningare trademarks used herein under license.For more information, contactThe Gale Group, Inc.27500 Drake Rd.Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535Or you can visit our Internet site athttp://www.gale.comALL RIGHTS RESERVEDNo part of this work covered by the copyrighthereon may be reproduced or used inany form or by any means—graphic,electronic, or mechanical, includingphotocopying, recording, taping, Webdistribution, or information storage retrievalsystems—without the written permission ofthe publisher.For permission to use material from thisproduct, submit your request via Web athttp://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or youmay download our Permissions Request formand submit your request by fax or mail to:Permissions DepartmentThe Gale Group, Inc.27500 Drake Rd.Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535Permissions Hotline:248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058Cover PhotosVolume 1: Ethel and Julius Rosenbergfollowing arraignment on charges ofespionage, August 23, 1950.©Bettmann/CorbisVolume 2: SR-71 Blackbird, c. 1991. ©CorbisVolume 3: Clean-up crews scour the AmericanMedia Inc. building in Boca Raton, Florida,after the discovery of anthrax spores, October9, 2001. AP/Wide World Photos.While every effort has been made toensure the reliability of the informationpresented in this publication, The Gale Group,Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy ofthe data contained herein. The Gale Group,Inc. accepts no payment for listing; andinclusion in the publication of anyorganization, agency, institution, publication,service, or individual does not implyendorsement of the editors or publisher.Errors brought to the attention of thepublisher and verified to the satisfaction ofthe publisher will be corrected in futureeditions.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataEncyclopedia of espionage, intelligence, and security / K. Lee Lernerand Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, editors.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-7876-7546-6 (set : hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN0-7876-7686-1 (v. 1) — ISBN 0-7876-7687-X (v. 2) — ISBN 0-7876-7688-8(v. 3)1. Espionage—Encyclopedias. 2. Intelligence service—Encyclopedias.3. Security systems—Encyclopedias. I. Lerner, K. Lee. II. Lerner,Brenda Wilmoth.JF1525.I6E63 2004327.12’03—dc212003011097This title is available as an e-book.ISBN 0-7876-7762-0Contact your Gale sales representative for ordering information.Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1