ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Espionage, Intelligence, and Security Volume ...

❘❘❙❚❚❙❘❘ C ❘❘❙❚❚❙❘❘Cambodian FreedomFighters (CFF)Cambodian Freedom Fighters (CFF) also operates as, or isknown as, the Cholana Kangtoap Serei Cheat Kampouchea.CFF emerged in November, 1998, in the wake ofpolitical violence that saw many influential Cambodianleaders flee and the Cambodian People’s Party assumepower. With an avowed aim of overthrowing the government,the group is led by a Cambodian-American, a formermember of the opposition Sam Rainsy Party, and itsmembership includes Cambodian-Americans based in Thailandand the United States and former soldiers from theseparatist Khmer Rouge, Royal Cambodian Armed Forces,and various political factions. The CFF has on at leastone occasion attacked government facilities and plannedother bombing attacks. In late November, 2000, the CFFstaged an attack on several government installations,during which at least eight persons died and more than adozen were wounded, including civilians. The group’sleaders claimed responsibility for the attack. Following atrial of 32 CFF members arrested for the attack, five receivedlife sentences, 25 received lesser jail terms, andtwo were acquitted. In April, 1999, five other members ofthe CFF were arrested for plotting to blow up a fuel depotoutside Phnom Penh with antitank weapons.CFF’s exact strength is unknown, but totals probablynever has exceeded 100 armed fighters. CFF operates inNortheastern Cambodia near the Thai border. Its U.S.based leadership collects funds from the Cambodian-American community.Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security❚ FURTHER READING:ELECTRONIC:CDI (Center for Defense Information), Terrorism Project.CDI Fact Sheet: Current List of Designated Foreign TerroristOrganizations. March 27, 2003. (April 17, 2003).Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook, 2002. (April 16, 2003).Taylor, Francis X. U.S. Department of State. “Patterns ofGlobal Terrorism 2001,” Annual Report: On the RecordBriefing. May 21, 2002 (April 17,2003).U.S. Department of State. Annual Reports. (April 16, 2003).SEE ALSOTerrorism, Philosophical and Ideological OriginsTerrorist and Para-State OrganizationsTerrorist Organization List, United StatesTerrorist Organizations, Freezing of AssetsCambridgeUniversity Spy Ring❚ ADRIENNE WILMOTH LERNERThe Cambridge spy ring was a group of British young menrecruited as Soviet spies in the 1930s. The group wasknown in Britain as the Cambridge spy ring, after theUniversity where the men attended classes and wererecruited for espionage. In the Soviet Union, the groupwas known as the “magnificent five.” The Cambridge spyring infiltrated the highest level of the British government,including MI-5, MI-6, the Foreign Office, and the WarMinistry. During their career, the group betrayed some of151