ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Espionage, Intelligence, and Security Volume ...

EspionageUnited States attorney general for the southern district of Florida Thomas Scott shows a diagram illustrating a Cuban espionage network operating illegally inthe U.S. as foreign agents of the Cuban government in 1998. AP/WIDE WORLD PHOTOS.have been the most visible, and romantic, spy of the war,there were many others on both sides. The war also gavebirth to the first true totalitarian state, in Russia, and thiswas followed soon afterward by the establishment offascism in Italy. Totalitarianism spawned its own elaboratespy networks, and increased the requirements forespionage activities on the part of democracies, as evidencedby the U.S. experience with Nazi and later Sovietinfiltrators on American shores.The era that perhaps most commonly comes to mindat the mention of the word espionage is the Cold War,which lasted from the end of World War II to the fall of theBerlin Wall and the Soviet empire. Yet the end of Sovietcommunism was certainly not the end of espionage, a factthat became dramatically apparent as new U.S. enemiesemerged among Islamist terrorists and their supporters.In any case, espionage is not solely the enterprise ofgovernments: companies have long sought to gain theadvantage over competitors through the use of economicor industrial espionage. In a world increasingly dominatedby huge corporations, economic espionage is not likely todisappear. Nor is espionage only undertaken against enemies:the United States has captured, and punished, spieswho passed U.S. secrets to such allies as Israel andSouth Korea.❚ FURTHER READING:BOOKS:Bennett, Richard M. Espionage: An Encyclopedia of Spiesand Secrets. London: Virgin Books, 2002.Dulles, Allen Welsh. The Craft of Intelligence. New York:Harper & Row, 1963.Haynes, John Earl. Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage inAmerica. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.Martin, David C. Wilderness of Mirrors. New York: Harper& Row, 1980.Wright, Peter. Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of aSenior Intelligence Officer. New York: Viking, 1987.414 Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security