ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Espionage, Intelligence, and Security Volume ...

Domestic Emergency Support Team, United StatesIn addition to its mission of protecting materials andtechnology—including non-nuclear assets of DOE—theOffice of Security also participates in the Technical SupportWorking Group, an interagency counterterrorism teamheaded by the State Department. The Office of Securityhad, at the time of Mahaley’s statement, 550 trainedcounterterrorism personnel in its special response teamsat 11 locations, along with 3,500 other armed officers.Programs. Office of Security programs include NNSI, atraining provider not only for DOE, but for students frommore than 100 government departments and agencies.Founded in 1984 and formerly known as the Central TrainingAcademy, NNSI is located at Kirtland Air Force Base inAlbuquerque, New Mexico. Among its schools are theProfessional Development Program, the Defense NuclearNonproliferation and International Cooperation Academy,the Foreign Interaction Training Academy, the EmergencyOperations Training Academy, the Safeguards and SecurityCentral Training Academy, and the CounterintelligenceTraining Academy.The last of these, known as CITA, was established inMay 2000, and offers instruction to contractor employeesas well as federal workers. In addition to full courses, itoffers seminars on subjects such as “Counterintelligencefor Managers,” “Economic Espionage: Protecting IntellectualProperty,” and “The Technical Collection Threat toTravelers.”The other major Office of Security program is theCyber-Forensic Laboratory. Cyber-forensics is the applicationof science and technology to the discovery, analysis,and reconstruction of data extracted from any element ofcomputers, computer peripherals, or computer systems.The laboratory assists DOE with the collection and studyof electronic data relating to DOE security, or that of othergovernment agencies and departments.Office of Intelligence. DOE’s Office of Intelligence (IN) is amember of the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC), producingintelligence for use both within DOE, and across the ICas a whole. Within the IC, the Office of Intelligence is theleading technical intelligence resource in four areas: nuclearweapons and nonproliferation; nuclear energy, safety,and waste; science and technology; and energy security.The mission of IN within the IC is three-fold: to provideDOE and other agencies and departments, particularlyIC members, with timely, accurate, and effectiveanalyses of foreign intelligence; to make DOE’s expertiseavailable to the intelligence, law enforcement, and specialoperations communities; and to provide timely, specializedtechnological applications and operational support tothose communities.Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 61, issued byPresident Clinton in February 1998, reorganized the intelligencestructure at DOE. Counterintelligence and foreignintelligence functions were separated, and both officeswere made directly answerable to the secretary of energy.The new counterintelligence director would be a seniorFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) executive, and wouldhave direct access to the directors of Central Intelligenceand the FBI as well as the secretary of energy. In conjunctionwith the Office of Security, the director would work toimplement specific security measures designed to reducethe threat to classified and sensitive information at DOE.DOE operates a number of national laboratories thatbring together scientists from a variety of disciplines towork on military and non-military related projects. Nationallaboratory scientists have developed a number of technologiesrelated to national security interests.❚ FURTHER READING:BOOKS:Closing the Circle on the Splitting of the Atom: The EnvironmentalLegacy of Nuclear Weapons Production inthe United States and What the Department of Energy IsDoing About It. Washington, D.C.: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, 1995.Department of Energy Non-Proliferation Programs withRussia: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations,United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress,First Session, March 28, 2001. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, 2001.Rudman, Warren B. Science at Its Best, Security at ItsWorst: A Report on Security Problems at the U.S. Departmentof Energy. Washington, D.C.: President’s ForeignIntelligence Advisory Board, 1999.PERIODICALS:Carr, Rebecca. “Security at Nuke Labs Lax—DOE ‘Indifferent’Despite Sept. 11.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution.(August 20, 2002): A11.ELECTRONIC:Department of Energy. (March7, 2003).Department of Energy Office of Security. (March 7, 2003).SEE ALSOCold War (1945–1950), The Start of the Atomic AgeEnergy TechnologiesIntelligence CommunityNNSA (United States National Nuclear SecurityAdministration)Domestic Emergency SupportTeam, United StatesUp to the time of its transfer to the newly created Departmentof Homeland Security (DHS), the Domestic EmergencySupport Team (DEST) was the smallest—or, at356 Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security