ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Espionage, Intelligence, and Security Volume ...

Church CommitteeTrulock, Notra. Code Name Kindred Spirit: Inside the ChineseNuclear Espionage Scandal. San Francisco, CA:Encounter Books, 2002.PERIODICALS:Broad, William J. “Author to Sue U.S. over Book onChina’s Nuclear Advances.” New York Times. (June 18,2001): A6.Gordon, Michael R. “A Dangerous Game.” New YorkTimes. (April 3, 2001): A1.Gosselin, Peter G. “No Sign Drives Left Lab, RichardsonSays.” Los Angeles Times. (June 19, 2000): A3.Markoff, John. “Silicon Valley Concern Says It ThwartedSoftware Theft.” New York Times. (September 20,2002): 1.Purdy, Matthew, and James Sterngold. “The ProsecutionUnravels: The Case of Wen Ho Lee.” New York Times.(February 5, 2001): A1.Richelson, Jeffrey T. “Uncertain Damage.” Bulletin of theAtomic Scientists 55, no. 5 (September/October 1999):17–19.Rosenthal, Elisabeth. “China Changes Its Approach in theLatest Espionage Incident.” New York Times. (January27, 2002): section 1, p. 6.Schwartz, Stephen I. “A Very Convenient Scandal.” Bulletinof the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 3 (May/June 1999):34–39.“The Wen Ho Lee Diversion.” Wall Street Journal. (September19, 2000): A26.ELECTRONIC:China’s High-Tech Espionage. Counterintelligence Newsand Developments/National Counterintelligence Executive.June 2000. (March 29, 2003).SEE ALSOChina, Intelligence and SecurityClinton Administration (1993–2001), United States NationalSecurity PolicyDOE (United States Department of Energy)Los Alamos National LaboratoryNNSA (United States National Nuclear SecurityAdministration)Satellite Technology Exports to the People’s Republic ofChina (PRC)Church CommitteeFollowing the Watergate Scandal, the Senate conducted athorough review of the function, operation, and administrationof the United States intelligence community. Aspecial committee, the Senate Select Committee to StudyGovernmental Operations with Respect to IntelligenceActivities was established to conduct the sweeping auditof national intelligence services. Known as the ”ChurchCommittee“ after its chairman Frank Church, the committeeinvestigated not only the actions and operations of theFormer CIA Director William Colby is sworn in to testify before the 1975Senator Church Committee looking into activities by the intelligencecommunity. ©WALLY MCNAMEE/CORBIS.intelligence and security services, but also abuses of thoseservices by the Office of the president.The Church Committee investigated suspected abusesof power by the intelligence community by interviewinghundreds of witnesses and subpoenaing thousands ofrelevant documents and materials. The main targets of itsinvestigations were the CIA, FBI, National Security Agency(NSA), and Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The committeealso closely noted the involvement of the executive branchand President in intelligence affairs.In 1975 and 1976, the Church Committee issued fourteenreports. Report topics ranged from intelligence andexecutive branch involvement in the assassination of foreignleaders, an act prohibited by international law, todomestic espionage and political blackmail. Though thecommittee was initially charged with discovering theabuses of power and intelligence resources that contributedto the Watergate scandal, its investigations encompassedintelligence community operations during the entirepost-World War II and Vietnam War era.The Church Committee issued its final report in April1976. The Committee concluded that the CIA, FBI, andother intelligence forces, had conducted concerted campaignsof domestic espionage that threatened the Constitutionalrights of ordinary citizens. The Church Committee192 Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security