Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

Rates of chemical reactions and their dependence on the concentration of the reactants.Differential and integral rate equations for first and second order reactions. Half - lifeperiods. Temperature dependence of rate constant and Arrhenius parameters. Elementaryideas regarding collision and transition - state theory. Elementary idea of fast reactions andintroduction and principle of the techniques (stop - flow, temperature jump and field jumponly) employed to study the fast reactions.9. Photochemistry:Laws of photochemistry, quantum yield, excited singlet and triplet states. Photophysicalpathways of decay of excited states, Javlonsky diagram. Fluorescence, phosphorescenceand delayed fluorescence. photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and ofcobalt(III) and chromium (III) complexes.10. Colloids, surface phenomenon and catalysis:The colloidal state, preparation and purification of colloids and their characteristicproperties. Coagulation, and protection of colloids. Gels, emulsion, microemulsion,surfactants and elementary idea of micellization of surfactants. Adsorption from gases andsolutions on solids. Adsorption - isotherms, BET isotherms. Determination of surface area.Characteristics of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Central dogma of enzymecatalyzed reactions.11. Bio-Inorganic chemistry:Essential and trace elements in biological processes, metal ions in biological systems andtheir role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), photosynthesis-PSI, PSH, metalloporphyrines with special reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin,nitrogen fixation, cyanide poisoning.12. Coordination chemistry:a. Introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal complexes. Valence bondstheory, crystal field theory and its modifications; application of theories in theexplanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes.b. Isomerism in coordination compounds. IUPAC nomenclature of coordinationcompounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers;chalet effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics ofsubstitution reactions in square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kineticstability of complexes.c. Synthesis and structures of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anion, carbonyl hydridesand metal nitrosyl compounds.d. Complexes with aromatic systems: Synthesis structures and bonding in metal olefin,alkyne, allyl and cyclopentadienyl complexes. Homogeneous transition metalcatalysis: Reasons for selecting transition metals in catalysis, coordinativeunsaturation, oxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions, Proximityinsertion reactions, Hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions of alkenes,fluxional molecules and their characterization.13. General chemistry of ‘f’ block elements:Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties;lanthanide contraction.14. Non-Aqueous Solvents