Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

Characteristics and components of methods in psychology (induction, deduction,introspection). Observation, survey, laboratory and field experiments, clinical and casestudy. Experimental and quasi experimental methods.4. Construction and standardization of test:Theory and procedure, Item analysis, Reliability, Validity. Development of norms andinterpreting test scores cross validation.5. Human Development:Concept and theories of human development; methods of Study; Biological, cultural andsocial factors in human Development; Socialization: Role of family, peer, school andMedia.6. Attention and perception:Selective attention and its theories. Factors influencing attention (set and characteristics ofStimulus). Sensation: Concept of threshold, absolute and Difference thresholds, signaldetection and vigilance. Definition and concept of perception, biological factors inperception. Perceptual organization factors influencing space and depth perception, sizeestimation and readiness.7. Learning:Concept and theories of learning (Pavlov, Skinner and Piaget). The process of extinction,spontaneous recovery, generalization And discrimination programmed learning, selfinstructional Learning concepts, types and schedules of reinforcement. Modelling andsocial learning.8. Memory and forgetting:Concept and definition of memory and forgetting, encoding, Storage and retrievalprocesses. Short term and long term memories. Factors influencing retention andforgetting. Theories of forgetting (Repression, Decay and interference theories). Theconcept of reminiscence.Section-B9. Thinking and problem solving:Processes of concept formation. Reasoning and problem solving. Nature and measurementof creativity, factors affecting creativity and creative thinking. Information processing.Decision making and judgement.10. Intelligence and aptitude:Concept and definition of intelligence and aptitude. Nature and theories of intelligence.Measurement of intelligence and aptitude. Concept and measurement of emotional andmultiple intelligence.11. Motivation and emotion:Definition and concepts of instincts, needs, drives and motives. Theories of motivationand their applications ( drive reduction theory, Maslows motivational hierarchy). Socialmotivation: Achievement, power affiliation motives. Assessment of motivation.Emotions: Definition and concept, theories, physiological correlates. Developmentexpression measurement and control. Emotional Disorders: Stress and other causes ofemotional disorders; Neurotic and psychotic disorders.12 Personality:Concept and definition. Theories of personality (Psychoanalytical, socio cultural,interpersonal and developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic trait and type approaches).