Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

protection equipment, their care and maintenance. Pesticide pollution in the environment.Development of pesticide resistance in pests and diseases and its management.Growth and Development of Vegetable Crops – physiology of dormancy andgermination of vegetable seeds and tubers.Post–harvest technology - Maturity and ripening process and factors affectingthem. Quality evaluation for fresh market and processing. Factors responsible in deterioration ofharvested fruits and vegetables, role of growth substances and irradiation on decay control,respiration and transpiration, storage of fresh fruits and vegetables.ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCEPAPER-I1. Animal Nutrition:1. Animal Nutrition: energy sources, energy metabolism and requirements for maintenanceand production of milk, meat, eggs and work.1.1 Advanced studies in nutrition-protein- source of protein, its metabolism and synthesis,protein quality in relation to requirements. Importance of energy protein ratio in rations.1.2 Advanced studies in nutrition-minerals- sources, functions, requirements and theirinterrelationships including trace minerals.1.3 Vitamins, hormones and growth stimulating substances-sources, functions, requirementsand interrelationship with minerals.1.4 Advanced ruminant nutrition-Dairy cattle – nutrients and their metabolism with referenceto milk production and its composition. Nutrient requirements for calves, heifers, dry andmilking cows and buffaloes.1.5 Advanced non-ruminant nutrition-poultry- nutrients and their metabolism with referenceto poultry meat and egg production. Nutrient requirement and feed formulation for broilersat different ages.1.6 Advanced non- ruminant nutrition- swine- nutrients and their metabolism with specialreference to growth and quality of meat production. Nutrient requirements and feedformulation for body, growing and finishing pigs.1.7 Advanced applied animal nutrition-a critical review and evaluation of feed experiments,digestibility and balance studies. Feeding standards and measure of feed energy. Nutrientrequirements for growth. Maintenance and production. Balanced rations.2. Animal Physiology:2.1 Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and post natal growth, Growth curves, measuresof growth, factors affecting growth, body conformation, composition and meat quality.2.2 Milk production, reproduction and diagnosis, Hormonal control of mammarydevelopments, milk secretion and milk ejection, composition of milk of cows andbuffaloes. Male and female reproductive organs, use of hormones in animal reproductionand their components and functions. Ruminant and non-ruminant digestion.2.3 Environmental Physiology: Physiology of adaptation, environmental factors and theireffect on animal production and reproduction, methods of controlling climatic stress,animal ecology.2.4 Semen quality preservation and artificial insemination: Semen and its composition,Chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting quality of semenin vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen preservation, composition and diluents,