Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

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The solar system, meteorites. Shape, size and surface relief of earth. Origin, age andinterior of the earth, radioactive dating. Volcanoes-causes and effects. Earthquakes-causesand effects, seismicity and seismic zoning of India. Isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny.Island arcs, mid-oceanic ridges, trenches, transform faults and sea floor spreading.Continental drift, plate-tectonics and their mechanism. Basic concepts of geomorphology,weathering and mass wasting, geological agents in weathering and erosion. Action ofriver, wind, underground water, springs, glaciers, oceans, lakes and coral reefs.Structural Geology:Principles of geological mapping and map reading. Behaviour of minerals and rocks underdeformation conditions, stress, strain and rupture concept. Primary and secondarystructures. Unconformities- types and their recognition in the field. Folds, faults, theirclassification and recognition on maps and in the field. Joints and their classification.Palaeontology:Concept of species, branches of palaeontology, index fossils, guide fossils, Precambrianlife, major extinctions in past life. Different kinds of microfossils and palynofossils.Applications of microfossils and palynofossils specifically in petroleum exploration.Morphology, geologic history and evolutionary trends in Trilobita, Brachiopoda,Echinoidea and Cephalopoda. Morphology of Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, Graptoloidea andtheir environmental, stratigraphic significance. Evolutionary trends in Equidae, Hominidaeand Proboscidae. Gondwana flora and its significance.Stratigraphy and Geology of India:Stratigraphic classification: Lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, geologic time,biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic units and their possible interrelationship.Principles of stratigraphic correlation. Stratigraphic succession, distribution and economicimportance of Precambrian and Phanerozoic rock sequences of India.Precambrian/Cambrian and Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary problems. Major volcanicevents of geologic past in India. Palaeogeographic reconstruction of India duringGondwana time and Palaeogebe, Neogene periods. Physiographic and tectonic divisionsof India. Origin and evolution of Himalayas.Hydrogeology and engineering geology:Occurrence of groundwater, hydrologic cycle, groundwater aquifers and their parameters,groundwater quality criteria for different uses. Problems and management of groundwater,groundwater recharge. Rainwater harvesting and watershed management. Engineeringproperties of rocks. Rocks as building and construction materials. Geologicalinvestigations for dams , tunnels, bridges and highways, land hazards due to earthquakes,landslides and their impact on engineering structures.PAPER-IICrystallography and mineralogy:Elements of crystal forms and symmetry. Laws of crystallography. crystal systems andclasses. Crystals twinning. Petrological microscope and accessories. Crystal optics.Physical, chemical and optical properties of common rock and ore forming minerals.Geochemistry and Petrology:Cosmic abundance of elements. Structure and composition of earth and distribution ofelements. Types of chemical bonds, coordination number, isomorphism and
polymorphism. Trace elements. Magma-composition and types. Magmatic differentiationand assimilation. Bowen reaction series. Phase rule- unicomponent and bicomponentsystems. Forms, texture, structure and classification of igneous rocks. Mode of occurrence,mineralogy, structure and distribution of the following rocks in India - granite, pegmatite,rhyolite diorite, gabbro, basalt and dolerite.Metamorphism -definition, agents and types, texture, structure, concept of facies, gradesand zones. Thermal and regional metamorphism of different parent rocks. Processes ofsedimentation, digenesis and lithification. Clastic and non-clastic sedimentary rocks –theirclassification, petrography, structure and depositional environment. Sedimentary basinsof India.Economic Geology:Ore and ore minerals, tenor of ore and classification of ore deposits. Processes offormation of mineral deposits. The study of physical properties and uses of the followingores with reference to Indian occurrences: Iron, manganese, aluminium, copper, lead,chromium zinc, , nickel, cobalt, antimony, gold, silver, platinum, uranium and thorium.Coal and petroleum deposits of India. Marine mineral resources.Mining Geology and Environmental Geology:Mining methods in hard rock and soft rock areas. Mining operations safety and legislation.Basic principles of environment and sustainable development in relation to geology.Natural hazards and their mitigation. Environmental impact of mining and industrial andradioactive waste disposal. Water pollution.HINDI LITERATUREPAPER-IPART-AHISTORY OF HINDI LANGUAGE1. Evolution of Avadhi, Braj Bhasha as literary language during the Medieval period.2. Evolution of Khari Boli Hindi as literary language during the 19th century.3. Standardization of Hindi language with Devanagari script.4. Major dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship.5. Significant grammatical features of standard Hindi.PART- BHISTORY OF HINDI LANGUAGE1. Chief characteristics of the major periods of Hindi literature viz. Aadi Kaal, Bhakti Kaal,Reeti Kaal, Bhartendu Yug, Diwedi yug.1.1 Some prominent poets - Chandvardai, Vidyapati, Kabir, Soordas, Tulsidas, Jayasi,Keshav, Meera, Bihari, Ghananand, Bhartendoo, Maithlisharana Gupta.2. Significant features of the main literary trends and tendencies in modern Hindi viz.Chhayavad, Pragtivad, Prayogvad Nayi Kavita, Samkaaleen Kavita, Samkaaleen KavitaKe Vividh aandolan, Nayi Kahani, Saathotri Kahani, Samkaaleen Kahani Ke Vividhaandolan.2.1 Some prominent poets - Jai Shankar Prasad, Nirala, Ram Dhari Singh Dinkar,Agyeya, Muktibodh.2.2 Some prominent Novelists - Prem Chand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu, Bhishm Sahni.
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Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

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