Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

types equation of motion under central force, equation or orbit and turning point.Relativistic mechanics: Michelson Morley experiment, Galilean Transformation,Relativity of mass, length and time, relativistic momentum, velocity addition & Dopplereffect, mass-energy equivalence. Fluid motion, Bernoullie’s theorem Circulation,Reynold’s number. Turbulence, viscosity, Surface tension. Elastic and inelastic collisionin laboratory and centre of mass coordinate systems, Rutherford scattering.2. THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS: Perfect gas. Vander Waal’s equation. Lawsof thermodynamics and their applications: Carnot’s cycle, carnot’s heat engine,refrigerators and heat pumps, Entropy and its significance. Production and measurementsof low temperatures. Statistical Physics: Phase space, microstates and macrostates.Boltzmann’s law of entropy. Fermi Dirac and Bose.-Einstein distribution laws. Blackbody radiations, Thermal ionization. Elements of irreversible thermodynamics. Solarenergy and its utilization as alternative source of energy.3. WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS: Simple and damped Harmonic motion & itscharacteristics. Composition of two of S.H.M’s. Lissajous figures, Oscillations with oneand two degrees of freedom, forced vibrations, resonance. Wave motion, phase and groupvelocity. Coupled oscillators, standing waves on a string of fixed length, energy of avibrating string.4. PHYSICAL OPTICS: Huygen’s Principle, reflection and refraction on the basis wavetheory, Interference: Young’s double slit experiment, Fresnel biprism, diffraction:Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit, double slit, diffraction grating and its resolving anddispersive power. Polarization of waves: Brewsters laws, double refraction, half waveand quarter wave plates. Multiple beam interference Geometrical Optics E.M. Waveequation, Fresnel’s formula. Normal and anomalous dispersion Optical instruments andtheir magnification & resolving power.5. LASERS: Laser principle, spontaneous & stimulated emission, population inversion, three& four level schemes of laser action, characteristics and applications of Lasers, He- Ne,ruby and semiconductor lasers. Pulsed lasers and tunable lasers, spatial coherence anddirectionality, estimate of beam intensity. Fibre optics and optical fibre communication.PAPER-IINote: There will be five sections in the question paper. From each section two questions will beasked. Each question will have two parts. Candidate will be required to answer one questionform each section.1. ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISTM: Gauss Law, Kirchoff’s laws and their applications,Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations and their simple applications, Dielectric andPolarization. Capacitors. Dia para and ferro magnetic materials. Biot & Savarts Law,Ampere’s law and their applications. Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction self andmutual induction. Alternating currents, LCR circuits, concept of displacement current,Maxwell’s equations (differentials and integral form both), Electromagnetic waveequations.2. QUANTUM MECHANICS & ATOMIC PHYSICS: Wave particle duality, Davisson-Germer experiment, uncertainty principle and its applications, postulates of quantummechanics, operators in quantum mechanics. Schrodinger wave equation and its simpleapplications: particle in box, harmonic oscillator, infinite potential barrier and finite