Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

- The Road not taken- After Apple Picking- Birches- Mending Wall4. W.H.Auden. The following poems:- In Memory of W.B.Yeats- The Unknown Citizen- The Shield of Achilles- September 1, 19395. Samuel Beckett - Waiting for Godot6. Arthur Miller - Death of a SalesmanSection B1. E.M.Forster: A Passage to India.2. James Joyce: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.3. Nathaniel Hawthornem The Scarlet Letter4. R.K. Narayan: The Guide.FORESTRYPAPER-IForest and forestry, branches of forestry. Forest types of India and their distribution.Factors influencing vegetation. Natural and artificial regeneration of forests. Collection, storageand viability tests. Pre- sowing seed treatments. Nursery practices-selection and preparation ofsite. Application of fertilizers. Preparation of growing mixture and filling of containers.Aforestation–selection and preparation of site, selection of stock, time and pattern of planting.Tending operation.Silviculture system-scope and classification. Detailed study of clear felling, shelter wood,selection, accessory and coppice systems and their modifications. Conversion. Choice ofsilvicultural system.Binomial nomenclature, systems of classification. Growth habit, distribution, habitatrequirements, phenology, silvicultural characters, regeneration methods and uses of Cedrusdeodara, Pinus roxburghii, Pinus wallichiana, Pinus gerardiana, Picea smithina. Abies pindrow,Quercus spp. Shorea robusta, Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo. Acacia catechu and Bamboospp.Social forestry – definition scope and objectives. Role of social forestry in meetingenergy, small timber requirement of rural India, environment amelioration, water regulation andchecking of erosion. Place of social forestry in the National Forest Policy. Species for socialforestry plantation. Social forestry in Himachal Pradesh. Van Mahotsva and Chipko Movement.Forest soils versus cultivated soils. Classification of forest soils, their physical, chemicaland biological properties. Soil erosion-processes and factors responsible. Soil conservationmethods. Watershed management and water harvesting structures. Role of forests in watershedmanagement. Soil survey and land capability classes. Problems of forest soils and theirmanagement. Fertilizer materials and their applications in forest nurseries.General concepts and methods of tree improvement. Role of biotechnology in treeimprovement. Seed production and seed orchards. Forest ecosystems-principle components andsteps. Ecological succession in forest. Impacts of management practices on forest succession.