Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

5.2 By products: Slaughter house by products and their utilization-Edible and inedible byproducts-social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter house byproducts-Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.5.3 Poultry Products Technology: Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat,pre slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, and preservationof poultry meat, and products, Legal and BIS standards.PAPER-IIGENETICS AND ANIMAL BREEDING:1. Principles of Animal Breeding: Introduction to Animal Breeding; probability; Hardy-Weinberg law, its application and significance; phenotypic variance and its partitioning;heritability and its estimation; repeatability; principles of inbreeding; coefficient ofrelationship; out breeding and heterosis.1.1 Population Genetics Applied to Animal Breeding: Measured variance of population;approach to equilibrium under random mating; genetic and environmental sub-divisions ofphenotypic variance; contrast between Mendelism and blending inheritance; geneticnature of differences between groups; resemblances between relatives in population;mating at random; forces affecting gene frequency; their impact in animal breeding;heritability and repeatability, methods and precision of estimation; aids to selection;breeding for threshold characters; selection index selection.1.2 Breeding Systems: Biometrical relations between relatives; mating systems; inbreeding;out breeding; phenotypic assortative mating; general and specific combining ability;choice of effective breeding plans; calculation of inbreeding coefficients using Wright’sand Malacot’s approach; co-variance among relatives; decreases of heterozygosity oninbreeding; problems of detection of non-additive genetic variance.Current status of hilly livestock; breeding strategies for breeds of hilly tract withparticular reference to Gaddi sheep and goat, Biangi sheep, Chegu goat, Spiti, Zanskar andBhutia breeds of horse, yak and Mithun; conservation methods for the hill germplasm;genotype environment interaction.Different types of methods of selection, their effectiveness and limitations,selection indices, construction of selection in retrospect, evaluation of genetic gainsthrough selection, correlated response in animal experimentations.Approach to estimation of general and specific combining ability, dialete,fraction of dialete crosses reciprocal recurrent selection, inbreeding and hybridization.2. Health and Hygiene:2.1 Anatomy of ox and fowl histological techniques, freezing, paraffin embedding etc.Preparation and staining of blood films. Common histological stains, embryological ofcow.2.2 Physiology of blood its constituents, circulatory system, respiration, excretion, Endocrineglands in physiology of animal health and diseases.2.3 General knowledge of pharmacology drugs in Veterinary Therapeutics.2.4 Vety-hygiene with respect to Water supply (contamination, prevention, purification),Atmospheric pollution, stray and fallen animals. Disposal of sewage and farm refusesfallen animals and control recycling from surplus, wastes etc. Sanitation of animal housesand its effect on animal health and production. Method of prevention and control of airand water borne diseases of man and animal.2.5 Milk Hygiene.3. Meat Hygiene.3.1 Zoonoses and human health.