Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

Dynamics of fluid flow - equations of continuity energy and momentum, Bernoulli’stheorem, velocity potential and stream function, rotational and irrotational flow, free andforced vortices, flow net. Dimensional analysis and its application to the practicalproblems, viscous flow between static and moving parallel plates, flow through circulartubes, velocity distribution in laminar and turbulent flow, critical velocity, losses,hydraulic and energy grade lines, siphons, pipe network, Forces on pipe bends,compressible flow, subsonic and supersonic velocity, Mach number, shock waves waterhammer.Open channel flow - Energy & momentum factors, uniform & non-uniform flows, specificenergy & specific force, critical depth, gradually varied flow, classification of surfaceprofiles, Hydraulic jump.Design of canals- Unlined channels in alluvium, the critical tractive stress, principles ofsediment transport, regime theory, lined channels, Canal lining, Canal structures- designof regulation work, cross drainage work cross regulators, head regulators, canal falls,aqueducts, canal outlets, Diversion Headwork-principle of design of different parts onimpermeable and permeable foundations, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation.Dams- Design of rigid dams, earth dams, forces acting on dams, stability analysis, designof spillways.Hydrology- hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration and infiltration,hydrographs- unit hydrograph, flood estimation and frequency analysis, Reservoirplanning & storage capacity,Water requirements for crops - quality of irrigation water, consumptive use of water, waterdepth and frequency of irrigation, duty of water, irrigation methods and efficiencies. waterlogging - its cause and control, design of drainage system, soil salinity. River trainingworks.Water Supply & Sanitation:Water supply- Ground water hydraulics, demand of water, impurities of water- physical,chemical and bacteriologic analysis, water borne diseases, intake of water pumping andgravity schemes. Water treatments- principle of settling, coagulation, flocculation andsedimentation, slow, rapid and pressure filters, softening, removal of taste, odour andsalinity. Water distribution- layouts storage, hydraulic pipelines, pipe fittings, pumpingstations and their operations.Sanitation- sanitary appliances, latrines and urinals, Disposal of sanitary sewage, industrialwaste, storm sewage, separate and combined system. Flow through sewers, design ofsewers, sewer appurtenances- Manholes, inlets, junction, siphons, ejection etc. Sewertreatment working principles, units- chambers, sedimentation tank etc. activated sludgeprocess, septic tank and disposal of sludge, rural sanitation, environment pollution andecology.ACCOUNTING AND AUDITINGCOMMERCE AND ACCOUNTANCYPAPER-IACCOUNTING, TAXATION & BUSINESS FINANCE