Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

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2.3 Some prominent Short - Story writers - Prem Chand, Prasad, Mohan Rakesh, Gyanranjan,Udey Prakash.3. Rise of Novel and realism in Modern <strong>Hindi</strong>.4. A brief history of theatre & drama in <strong>Hindi</strong>.PAPER-IIThis paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test thecandidates critical ability -Kabir - 'Kabir Granthavali' by Shyam Sunder Das (200 Stanzasfrom the beginning).Soordas - 'Bharamar Geet Saar' (200 Stanzas from the beginning).Tulsidas - From 'Ramcharitmanas' (Ayodhiya Kaand only).From 'Kavitavali' (Uttarakhand only).Bhartendu Harishchandra - 'Andher Nagri' (Natak).Prem Chand - 'Godan' (Novel) & 'Mansarovar-Bhag-Ek' (Short Stories).Jayshankar Prasad - 'Chandragupta' (Natak).Suryakant Tripathi Nirala - 'Anamika' ('Saroj Smriti', 'Ram-Ki-Shakti Pooja' Poemsonly).Sachchida Nand Hiranad Vatsyayan Agyeya - 'Shekhar ek Jeevani Two Parts' (Novel).Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh - 'Chand Kaa Munh Tehra Hai' ('Andhere Mein' poem only).Nagarjun - 'Yug Dhara' ('Kalidas sach sach Batlana,' 'Sindoor TilkitBhaal' poems only).Sudama Pandey Dhumil - 'Sansad Se Sarak Tak' ('Patkatha' poem only).HORTICULTUREPAPER-IFruit industry in India and its potential. General principles of cultivation. Method ofpropagation. Physiological basis of rooting. Special plant growing structures-mist propagation,green house and glass house. Promising rootstocks for fruit crop. Plant growth regulators,retardants and inhibitors relating to flowering sex expression, fruit set, fruit development andripening. Orchard management practices, manures and manuring, irrigation, training andpruning high density plantings. Fruit thinning and fruit drop.Origin, history, pomological description, climate requirements and production techniquesof important temperate, sub-tropical fruit crops. Important pests, diseases and physiologicaldisorders and their management, integrated management of pests and diseases. Harvesting andharvest maturity indices. Handling and marketing problems of major fruits. Special problems ofproduction.Principle methods of preservation. Important fruit and vegetable products. Processingtechniques and equipments. Wastes from processing factory and their impact of environment.By-products and utilization. Nutritive value of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables.Standards of fruit and vegetable products.Economic principles in fruit and vegetable production. Use of planning and budgetingtechniques. Efficiency measures of orchard management.
Extension education and its importance. Methods of evaluation of extension programmes.Socio-economic survey and status of different categories of farmers. Training programmes ofextension workers. Lab to land and T&V programmes.PAPER-IIImportance, nutritive value and classification of vegetables. Types of vegetable,gardening. Principles of vegetable cultivation including nursery management. Climaterequirement and cultivation of major summer and winter vegetable crops. Off-season vegetableproduction. Disease and pests of vegetable crops and measures to control.Weeds, their characteristics and association with various vegetable crops. Cultural,biological and chemical control of weeds.Principles of plant breeding in the improvement of major vegetable crops. Methods ofbreeding of self, cross-pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops. Seed technology and itsimportance. Production, processing, testing and marketing of vegetable seeds.Plant physiology and its significance. Growth and development factors affecting growth.Absorption and translocation of water, transpiration and water economy. Modern concepts ofphotosynthesis and respiration.Processes and factors of soil formation. Mineral and organic constituents of soil and theirrole of maintaining soil productivity. Plant nutrient elements of soil and their availability.Nitrogenous, phosphatic and pottasic and micronutrient fertilizers and their use. Problem soilsand their reclamation. Water conservation and watershed management. Water use efficiency inrelation to crop production. Criteria for scheduling irrigation, ways and means of reducing runofflosses.Importance and scope of floriculture, land-scaping. History, theory and principles oflandscape plantings and lawns. Beautification of slopes, forests and wastelands. Layout of homegardens and public parks. Propagation of ornamentals. Cultural requirement of ornamental trees,shrubs, climbers, bulbs and annuals for winter and summer season. Production technology andpost harvest management of cut flowers, bulbs, house plants and bedding plants.INDIAN HISTORYPAPER-I1. Chalcolithic cultures: Indus civilization, patterns of settlements, economic and socialorganization. Recent debates on the decline of the Indus civilization.2. Society and culture in the Vedas and Upanishads: textual and archaeological evidence.3. Mahavira and Gautam Buddha: their teachings and popularity among contemporaryMahajanapadas.4. The Mauryan Empire: sources and their chronology, Ashoka's policy of Dhamma. Thenature of the Mauryan state. Decline of the Mauryan empire.5. Post-Mauryan period in Indian history: polity and society. Religion and culture.Urbanization and trade. Sangam texts and Tamil society. Shilppadikaram.6. Emergence of classical patterns during the Gupta period. Evolution of art and architecture.Development of ideas in science and mathematics. Varahamihira’s Brihatsamhita.7. Seventh century: major powers in the north and the south. Changes in political structure,economy, social structure and religion.
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Hindi - Himachal Pradesh

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