review of literature on clinical pancreatology - The Pancreapedia

analysis <strong>of</strong> spatial heterogeneity disease mapping and time trend analysis was carried out.Compared to regional averages, standardised mortality ratios in the region were significantlyhigher for lung and stomach cancer in men and for ovarian cancer in women. Standardisedmortality ratios were instead significantly lower for all causes <strong>of</strong> death (8.7 %), respiratoryand cardiovascular diseases, liver (51%) and pancreas (47 %) cancer in men and forcardiovascular diseases in women. These results did not change after adjustment bysocioeconomic status [347].RadonIt was correlated radon exposure with the incidence <strong>of</strong> pancreatic cancer and to ascertain theinfluence <strong>of</strong> race in this correlation. Age-standardized incidence rates (SIRs) <strong>of</strong> pancreaticcancer from 1992 to 2002, segregated by race, were obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results database. The mean radon levels for each county wereobtained from the Environmental Protection Agency map, which assigns each county to 1 <strong>of</strong>3 categories based on radon potential. The SIRs <strong>of</strong> pancreatic cancer in the United Statesranged from 1.4 to 21.8/100,000 person-years. The highest rates for whites (19.6/100,000person-years) and American Indians (594/100,000 person-years) were found in GuadalupeCounty, New Mexico; for African Americans (4845/100,000 person-years) in Worth County,Iowa; and for Asian Americans (3177/100,000 person-years) in Monroe County, Iowa. Therewas an insignificant correlation between radon exposure and overall incidence <strong>of</strong> pancreaticcancer. A significant correlation existed between radon exposure and incidence <strong>of</strong> pancreaticcancer in African Americans, American Indians, and Asian Americans, but not in whites. Theauthors concluded that radon exposure may be a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancerin African Americans, American Indians, and Asian Americans [348].Vitamine DExperimental evidence suggests that vitamin D has anticarcinogenic properties; however, anested case-control study conducted in a population <strong>of</strong> male Finnish smokers found thathigher 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the best indicator <strong>of</strong> vitamin D status as determinedby the sun and diet, was associated with a significant 3-fold increased risk for pancreaticcancer. It was conducted a nested case-control study in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, andOvarian Screening Trial cohort <strong>of</strong> men and women 55 to 74 years <strong>of</strong> age at baseline to testwhether prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with pancreaticcancer risk. Between 1994 and 2006, 184 incident cases <strong>of</strong> pancreatic adenocarcinomaoccurred (follow-up to 12 years). Two controls (n=368) who were alive at the time the casewas diagnosed were selected for each case and matched by age, race, sex, and calendardate <strong>of</strong> blood draw (to control for seasonal variation). It was calculated odds ratios and 95percent confidence intervals using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for smoking andbody mass index. Vitamin D concentrations were not associated with pancreatic canceroverall (highest versus lowest quintile, >82 vs