374. S<strong>on</strong> K, Fujioka S, Iida T, Furukawa K, Fujita T, Yamada H, Chiao PJ, Yanaga K. Doxycyclineinduces apoptosis in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2009; 29: 3995-4003.375. Laurent-Puig P, Lievre A, Bl<strong>on</strong>s H. Mutati<strong>on</strong>s and resp<strong>on</strong>se to epidermal growth factor receptorinhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15: 1133-9.376. Cates JMM, Byrd RH, Fohn LE, Tatsas AD, Washingt<strong>on</strong> MK, Black CC. Epithelial-mesenchymaltransiti<strong>on</strong> markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2009; 38: e1-6.377. Guo QQ, Zhang B, D<strong>on</strong>g X, Xie QP, Guo EQ, Huang H, Wu Y. Elevated levels <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> plasmafibrinogen in patients with pancreatic cancer: possible role <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> a distant metastasis predictor. Pancreas2009; 38: e75-9.378. Gaisina IN, Gallier F, Ougolkov AV, Kim KH, Kurome T, Guo S, Holzle D, Luchini DN, Bl<strong>on</strong>d SY,Billadeau DD, Kozikowski AP. From a natural product lead to the identificati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> potent and selectivebenz<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>uran-3-yl-(indol-3-yl)maleimides as glycogen synthase kinase 3beta inhibitors that suppressproliferati<strong>on</strong> and survival <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic cancer cells. J Med Chem 2009; 52: 1853-63.379. Hidalgo M, Maitra A. <strong>The</strong> hedgehog pathway and pancreatic cancer. N Eng J Med 2009; 361:2094-6.380. Liao WC, Wu MS, Wang HP, Tien YW, Lin JT. Serum heat shock protein 27 is increased inchr<strong>on</strong>ic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreas 2009; 38: 422-6.381. Maréchal R, Van Laethem JL. HuR modulates gemcitabine efficacy: new perspectives inpancreatic cancer treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer <strong>The</strong>r 2009; 9: 1439-41.382. Hewish M, Chau I, Cunningham D. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor targeted therapeutics:novel compounds and novel treatment strategies for cancer medicine. Recent Pat Anticancer DrugDiscov 2009; 4: 54-72.383. Walsh N, Clynes M, Crown J, O'D<strong>on</strong>ovan N. Alterati<strong>on</strong>s in integrin expressi<strong>on</strong> modulates invasi<strong>on</strong><str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2009; 28: 140.384. Fujisawa T, Joshi B, Nakajima A, Puri RK. A novel role <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 inpancreatic cancer invasi<strong>on</strong> and metastasis. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 8678-85.385. Gidekel Friedlander SY, Chu GC, Snyder EL, Girnius N, Dibelius G, Crowley D, Vasile E,DePinho RA, Jacks T. C<strong>on</strong>text-dependent transformati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> adult pancreatic cells by <strong>on</strong>cogenic K-Ras. Cancer Cell 2009; 16: 379-89.386. Ji Z, Mei FC, Lory PL, Gilberts<strong>on</strong> SR, Chen Y, Cheng X. Chemical genetic screening <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> KRASbasedsynthetic lethal inhibitors for pancreatic cancer. Fr<strong>on</strong>t Biosci 2009; 14: 2904-10.387. Uhland K, Siphos B, Ark<strong>on</strong>a C, Schuster M, Petri B, Steinmetzer P, Mueller F, Schweinitz A,Steinmetzer T, Van De Locht A. Use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> IHC and newly designed matriptase inhibitors to elucidate therole <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> matriptase in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2009; 35: 347-57.388. Mizutani S, Miyato Y, Shidara Y, Asoh S, Tokunaga A, Tajiri T, Ohta S. Mutati<strong>on</strong>s in themitoch<strong>on</strong>drial genome c<strong>on</strong>fer resistance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Cancer Sci 2009 Jun 1[Epub ahead <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> print].389. Melisi D, Niu J, Chang Z, Xia Q, Peng B, Ishiyama S, Evans DB, Chiao PJ. Secreted interleukin-1alpha induces a metastatic phenotype in pancreatic cancer by sustaining a c<strong>on</strong>stitutive activati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>nuclear factor-kappaB. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7: 624-33.390. Chipitsyna G, G<strong>on</strong>g Q, Anandanadesan R, Alnajar A, Batra SK, Wittel UA, Cullen DM, AkhterMP, Denhardt DT, Yeo CJ, Arafat HA. Inducti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> osteop<strong>on</strong>tin expressi<strong>on</strong> by nicotine and cigarettesmoke in the pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 125: 276-85.
391. Chen JY, Amos CI, Merriman KW, Wei QY, Sen S, Killary AM, Frazier ML. Genetic variants <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>p21 and p27 and pancreatic cancer risk in n<strong>on</strong>-hispanic whites: a case-c<strong>on</strong>trol study. Pancreatology2009; 9: 1-4.392. Taii A, Hamada S, Kataoka K, Yasukawa S, S<strong>on</strong>oyama T, Okanoue T, Yanagisawa A.Correlati<strong>on</strong>s between p53 gene mutati<strong>on</strong>s and histologic characteristics <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic ductalcarcinoma. Pancreas 2009; 38: e60-7.393. Ma J, Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Zhao X. Expressi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinasereceptor A and correlati<strong>on</strong> with perineural invasi<strong>on</strong> in pancreatic cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23: 1852-9.394. Fesinmeyer MD, Stanford JL, Brentnall TA, Mandels<strong>on</strong> MT, Farin F, Srinouanprachanh S,Afsharinejad Z, Goodman GE, Barnett MJ, Austin MA. Associati<strong>on</strong> between the peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor-gamma Pro12Ala variant and haplotype and pancreatic cancer in ahigh-risk cohort <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> smokers: a pilot study. Pancreas 2009; 38: 631-7.395. Hildenbrand R, Niedergethmann M, Marx A, Belharazem D, Allgayer H, Schleger C, Ströbel P.Amplificati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) gene in ductal pancreaticcarcinomas identifies a <strong>clinical</strong>ly high-risk group. Am J Pathol 2009; 174: 2246-53.396. Eguchi H, Ishikawa O, Ohigashi H, Takahashi H, Yano M, Nishiyama K, Tomita Y, Uehara R,Takehara A, Nakamura Y, Nakagawa H. Serum REG4 level is a predictive biomarker for the resp<strong>on</strong>seto preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2009; 38: 791-8.397. Fernandes-Santos, Caroline MSc; Evangelista Carneiro R, de Souza Mend<strong>on</strong>ca L, BarbosaAguila M, Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda C. Rosiglitaz<strong>on</strong>e aggravates n<strong>on</strong>alcoholic fatty pancreaticdisease in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat and high-sucrose diet. Pancreas 2009; 38: e80-6.398. Laklai H, Laval S, Dumartin L, Rochaix P, Hagedorn M, Bikfalvi A, Le Guellec S, Delisle MB,Schally AV, Susini C, Pyr<strong>on</strong>net S, Bousquet C. Thrombosp<strong>on</strong>din-1 is a critical effector <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>on</strong>cosuppressive activity <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> sst2 somatostatin receptor <strong>on</strong> pancreatic cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2009; 106: 17769-74.399. Guillermet-Guibert J, Davenne L, Pchejetski D, Saint-Laurent N, Brizuela L, Guilbeau-Frugier C,Delisle MB, Cuvillier O, Susini C, Bousquet C. Targeting the sphingolipid metabolism to defeatpancreatic cancer cell resistance to the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine drug. Mol Cancer <strong>The</strong>r 2009; 8:809-20.400. Hibi T, Mori T, Fukuma M, Yamazaki K, Hashiguchi A, Yamada T, Tanabe M, Aiura K, KawakamiT, Ogiwara A, Kosuge T, Kitajima M, Kitagawa Y, Sakamoto M. Synuclein-gamma is closely involvedin perineural invasi<strong>on</strong> and distant metastasis in mouse models and is a novel prognostic factor inpancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15: 2864-71.401. Kubo T, Kuroda Y, Kokubu A, Hosoda F, Arai Y, Hiraoka N, Hirohashi S, Shibata T.Resequencing analysis <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the human tyrosine kinase gene family in pancreatic cancer.Pancreas 2009; 38: e200-6.402. Hildenbrand R, Niedergethmann M, Marx A, Belharazem D, Allgayer H, Schleger C, Ströbel P.Amplificati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) gene in ductal pancreaticcarcinomas identifies a <strong>clinical</strong>ly high-risk group. Am J Pathol 2009; 174: 2246-53.403. Xue A, Xue M, Jacks<strong>on</strong> C, Smith RC. Suppressi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> urokinase plasminogen activator receptorinhibits proliferati<strong>on</strong> and migrati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via regulati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ERK/p38signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41: 1731-8.404. Neale RE, Youlden DR, Krnjacki L, Kimlin MG, van der Pols JC. Latitude variati<strong>on</strong> in pancreaticcancer mortality in Australia. Pancreas 2009; 38: 387-90.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE ONCLINICAL PAN
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ABBREVIATIONAAPacute alcoholicABPac
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FMF AIPfocal mass-forming autoimmun
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ODPopen distal pancreatectomyOForga
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USUTDTVESDVTEZESWHOXIAPUnited State
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Ectopic pancreasCircumportal annula
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SymptomsEndocopic ultrasography (EU
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HSP27HuRIGF-1 receptorIntegrinesInt
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HemodialysisSerous cystadenomasSero
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CRPC-reactive proteinCRTchemoradiot
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ITNPintrathecal narcotics pumpJCGAI
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QSRquantitative systematic
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PANCREATIC HISTORYEarly conceptsPan
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derived from broadly Harveian anato
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acute appendicitis, intestinal obst
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dogma and its implied presence <str
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In the late 19th century, explorato
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performed. In 1880, Carl Thiersch <
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cancer was reported by Nestor Dimit
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Modern pancreatic historyHoward Reb
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PANCREATIC DEVELOPMENT, EMBRYOLOGY
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preparations. They were also employ
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pancreas can be diagnosed without t
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PANCREATIC PHYSIOLOGYSphincter <str
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acid profile and d
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hormones. The roles of</str
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ACUTE PANCREATITISAcute pancreatiti
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necrosis or a severe course, and lo
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of 245 cases <stro
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plasty of the mino
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no significant difference. The stro
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Urinary trypsinogen-2There is not a
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groups. None of th
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evaluated the presence or absence <
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adical, etc, further studies are st
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Precut at sphincterotomyPrecut is p
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indications [204].Hypercalcemia-ind
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanc
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(before ERCP), serum TAP was detect
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concentration and clinical symptoms
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However, the recipients of<
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less safe for predominantly cephali
- Page 85 and 86:
increased mortality. Mortality in p
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Epidemiology and demographyChinaCHR
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for the first time the significance
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endoscopic ultrasound accurately de
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possible to at least reduce relapse
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etiologies have been proposed and a
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patients, can be performed with mod
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negative binomial model. One hundre
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Halofuginone did n
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years, the risk of
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patients with a proven exocrine pan
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high-risk patients [296].Cystic fib
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TNF-alpha promoter were performed.
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were validated in another series <s
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vascular invasion (14/15). Abnormal
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and other lymph nodes, salivary gla
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HEREDITARY PANCREATITISPatients wit
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Classification of
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historically, but recent life-style
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carcinogen exposure with cancer ris
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the risk of pancre
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conducted a cohort analysis <strong
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emain to be solved in screening for
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considered for women with Lynch syn
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Annexin A5Protein misfolding is a c
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CTNNB1To use fluorescence in situ h
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expression was not associated with
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(ECM) are not fully understood. In
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lines. However, the role of
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andomized to high-dose vitamin A, t
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Synuclein-gammaPerineural invasion
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interventions. Cancer nests were ma
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the optimal combination of<
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which is essential in tumor and nod
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provide conclusive evidence for the
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MD-CT is suitable for evaluating tu
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approved study and imaged during sh
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Quantum dotsIt was reported the suc
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clearly have a very high incidence
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patients for operation and when cou
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demonstrated using the confocal mic
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cancer [468].To evaluate pancreatic
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pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The s
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safe option as an interposition gra
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a curative surgery, while double-by
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%), pseudocyst (3 %), and trauma (3
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procedure is failing to progress la
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Glucos metabolism after pancreatect
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Quality of lifeOne
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was observed in the NACRT group. Th
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interval 0.80 to 0.96]. On subgroup
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ate in patients with pancreatic can
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median survival time was 7 versus 7
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and the endoscopic ultrasound-guide
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local recurrence of</strong
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CurcuminCurcumin has been shown to
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size >1.5 cm (odds ratio 2.4), and
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adenocarcinoma must be addressed at
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Molecular biologyCD44v6The purpose
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IPMN were studied. Two-dimensional
- Page 205 and 206: the NT-IPMN-Br group. Eleven patien
- Page 207 and 208: metastatic neoplasms showing cystic
- Page 209 and 210: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms <st
- Page 211 and 212: The tumor cells were negative for p
- Page 213 and 214: Duodenal tumorsColorectal polyposis
- Page 215 and 216: Colorectal carcinomaPancreatic meta
- Page 217 and 218: It was described a case of<
- Page 219 and 220: evaluation. The purpose of<
- Page 221 and 222: perforation of a p
- Page 223 and 224: the 28 had pancreatic duct injury <
- Page 225 and 226: ENDOCRINE PANCREATIC TUMORSHistoryA
- Page 227 and 228: 25-111 pg/mL). Mean Hemoglobin A1C
- Page 229 and 230: clinical features, misdiagnosis occ
- Page 231 and 232: achieved in selected cases by tissu
- Page 233 and 234: Overall survivalPancreatic neuroend
- Page 235 and 236: REFERENCES001. Metter CC. History <
- Page 237 and 238: 044. Fitz RH. The symptomatology an
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