341. Bersch VF, Osvaldt AB, Edelweiss MIA, Schumacher RA, Wendt LRR, Abreu LP, Blom CBB,Abreu GP, Costa L, Piccinini P, Rohde L. Effect <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> nicotine and cigarette smoke <strong>on</strong> an experimentalmodel <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> intraepithelial lesi<strong>on</strong>s and pancreatic adenocarcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene in mice. Pancreas 2009; 38: 65-70.342. Johansen D, Borgström A, Lindkvist B, Manjer J. Different markers <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> alcohol c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong>,smoking and Body Mass Index in relati<strong>on</strong> to risk <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic cancer. A prospective cohort studywithin the Malmö Preventive Project. Pancreatology 2009; 9: 677-86.343. Jiao L, Mitrou PN, Reedy J, Graubard BI, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Stolzenberg-Solom<strong>on</strong> R.A combined healthy lifestyle score and risk <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic cancer in a large cohort study. Arch InternMed 2009; 169: 764-70.344. Jiao L, Flood A, Subar AF, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Stolzenberg-Solom<strong>on</strong> R. Glycemicindex, carbohydrates, glycemic load, and the risk <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic cancer in a prospective cohort study.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18: 1144-51.345. Hui HX, Huang DS, McArthur D, Nissen N, Boros LG, Heaney AP. Direct spectrophotometricdeterminati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> serum fructose in pancreatic cancer patients. Pancreas 2009; 38: 706-12.346. Bae JM, Lee EJ, Guyatt G. Citrus fruit intake and pancreatic cancer risk: a quantitative systematic<str<strong>on</strong>g>review</str<strong>on</strong>g>. Pancreas 2009; 38: 168-74.347. Ianni E, Mignozzi K, Mitis F. Geographic epidemiologic descriptive study <strong>on</strong> the nati<strong>on</strong>al prioritysite for remediati<strong>on</strong> "Laguna di Grado e Marano." Eåidemiol Prev 2009; 33: 27-36 (in Italian).348. Reddy N, Bhutani MS. Racial disparities in pancreatic cancer and rad<strong>on</strong> exposure: a correlati<strong>on</strong>study. Pancreas 2009; 38: 391-5.349. Stolzenberg-Solom<strong>on</strong> RZ, Hayes RB, Horst RL, Anders<strong>on</strong> KE, Hollis BW, Silverman DT. Serumvitamin D and risk <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian screening trial.Cancer Res 2009; 69: 1439-47.350. Stolzenberg-Solom<strong>on</strong> RZ, Sheffler-Collins S, Weinstein S, Garabrant DH, Mannisto S, Taylor P,Virtamo J, Albanes D. Vitamin E intake, alpha-tocopherol status, and pancreatic cancer in a cohort <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>male smokers. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 584-91.351. Yang CY, Tsai SS, Chiu HF. Nitrate in drinking water and risk <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> death from pancreatic cancer inTaiwan. J Toxicol Envir<strong>on</strong> Health A 2009; 72: 397-401.352. Eriksen KT, Sørensen M, McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulf<strong>on</strong>ate plasma levels and risk <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> cancer in thegeneral Danish populati<strong>on</strong>. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101: 605-9.353. Ji J, Shu X, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. Cancer risk in hospitalised psoriasis patients:a follow-up study in Sweden. Br J Cancer 2009; 100: 1499-502.354. Milne RL, Greenhalf W, Murta-Nascimento C, Real FX, Malats N. <strong>The</strong> inherited geneticcomp<strong>on</strong>ent <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2009; 9: 206-14.355. LaFemina J, Roberts PA, Hung YP, Gusella JF, Sahani D, Fernández-del Castillo C, WarshawAL, Thayer SP. Identificati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> a novel kindred with familial pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.Pancreatology 2009; 9: 273-9.356. Greenhalf W, Grocock C, Harcus M, Neoptolemos J. Screening <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> high-risk families forpancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2009; 9: 215-22.357. Kastrinos F, Mukherjee B, Tayob N, Wang F, Sparr J, Raym<strong>on</strong>d VM, Bandipalliam P, St<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fel EM,Gruber SB, Syngal S. Risk <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pancreatic cancer in families with Lynch syndrome. JAMA 2009; 302:1790-5.
358. Koornstra JJ, Mourits MJ, Sijm<strong>on</strong>s RH, Leliveld AM, Hollema H, Kleibeuker JH. Management <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>extracol<strong>on</strong>ic tumours in patients with Lynch syndrome. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10: 400-8.359. Buchholz M, Gress TM. Molecular changes in pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer <strong>The</strong>r2009; 9: 1487-97.360. Ranganathan P, Harsha HC, Pandey A. Molecular alterati<strong>on</strong>s in exocrine neoplasms <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> thepancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009; 133: 405-12.361, Fujii K, Miyashita K, Yamada Y, Eguchi T, Taguchi K, Oda Y, Oda S, Yoshida MA, Tanaka M,Tsuneyoshi M. Simulati<strong>on</strong>-based analyses reveal stable microsatellite sequences in human pancreaticcancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2009; 189: 5-14.362. Kahlert C, Weber H, Mogler C, Bergmann F, Schirmacher P, Kenngott HG, Matterne U, MollbergN, Rahbari NN, Hinz U, Koch M, Aigner M, Weitz J. Increased expressi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ALCAM/CD166 inpancreatic cancer is an independent prognostic marker for poor survival and early tumor relapse. Br JCancer 2009; 101: 457-64.363. Welsch T, Keleg S, Bergmann F, Bauer S, Hinz U, Schmidt J. Actinin-4 expressi<strong>on</strong> in primary andmetastasized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2009; 38: 986-76.364. Zhang C, Shao Y, Zhang W, Wu Q, Yang H, Zh<strong>on</strong>g Q, Zhang J, Guan M, Yu B, Wan J. Highresoluti<strong>on</strong>melting analysis <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ADAMTS9 methylati<strong>on</strong> levels in gastric, colorectal, and pancreaticcancers. Ancer Genet Cytogenet 2010; 196: 38-44.365. Bedrood S, Jayasinghe S, Sieburth D, Chen M, Erbel S, Butler PC, Langen R, Ritzel RA. AnnexinA5 directly interacts with amyloidogenic proteins and reduces their toxicity. Biochemistry 2009; 48:10568-76.366. Ryschich E, Khamidjano A, Kerkadze V, Büchler MW, Zoller M, Schmidt J. Promoti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> tumorcell migrati<strong>on</strong> by extracellular matrix proteins in human pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2009; 38: 804-10.367. Lawniczak M, Gawin A, Białek A, Lubiński J, Starzyńska T. Is there any relati<strong>on</strong>ship betweenBRCA1 gene mutati<strong>on</strong> and pancreatic cancer development? Pol Arch Med Wewn 2008; 118: 645-9.368. Yamato I, Sho M, Nomi T, Akahori T, Shimada K, Hotta K, Kanehiro H, K<strong>on</strong>ishi N, Yagita H,Nakajima Y. Clinical importance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> B7-H3 expressi<strong>on</strong> in human pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2009;101: 1709-16.369. Seeley ES, Carrière C, Goetze T, L<strong>on</strong>gnecker DS, Korc M. Pancreatic cancer and precursorpancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesi<strong>on</strong>s are devoid <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> primary cilia. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 422-30.370. Zhao D, Xu D, Zhang X, Wang L, Tan W, Guo Y, Yu D, Li H, Zhao P, Lin D. Interacti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>cyclooxygenase-2 variants and smoking in pancreatic cancer: a possible role <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> nucleophosmin.Gastroenterology 2009; 136: 1659-68.371. Dewald GW, Smyrk TC, Thorland EC, McWilliams RR, Van Dyke DL, Keefe JG, Bel<strong>on</strong>gie KJ,Smoley SA, Knuts<strong>on</strong> DL, Fink SR, Wiktor AE, Petersen GM. Fluorescence in situ hybridizati<strong>on</strong> tovisualize genetic abnormalities in interphase cells <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> acinar cell carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma,and islet cell carcinoma <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the pancreas. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84: 801-10.372. Maréchal R, Demetter P, Nagy N, Bert<strong>on</strong> A, Decaestecker C, Polus M, Closset J, Devière J,Salm<strong>on</strong> I, Van Laethem JL. High expressi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> CXCR4 may predict poor survival in resectedpancreatic adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2009; 100: 1444-51.373. Scola L, Giacal<strong>on</strong>e A, Marasà L, Mirabile M, Vaccarino L, Forte GI, Giannitrapani L, Caruso C,M<strong>on</strong>talto G, Lio D. Genetic determined downregulati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> both type 1 and type 2 cytokine pathwaysmight be protective against pancreatic cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1155: 284-8.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE ONCLINICAL PAN
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ABBREVIATIONAAPacute alcoholicABPac
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FMF AIPfocal mass-forming autoimmun
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ODPopen distal pancreatectomyOForga
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USUTDTVESDVTEZESWHOXIAPUnited State
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Ectopic pancreasCircumportal annula
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SymptomsEndocopic ultrasography (EU
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HSP27HuRIGF-1 receptorIntegrinesInt
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HemodialysisSerous cystadenomasSero
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CRPC-reactive proteinCRTchemoradiot
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ITNPintrathecal narcotics pumpJCGAI
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QSRquantitative systematic
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PANCREATIC HISTORYEarly conceptsPan
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derived from broadly Harveian anato
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acute appendicitis, intestinal obst
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dogma and its implied presence <str
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In the late 19th century, explorato
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performed. In 1880, Carl Thiersch <
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cancer was reported by Nestor Dimit
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Modern pancreatic historyHoward Reb
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PANCREATIC DEVELOPMENT, EMBRYOLOGY
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preparations. They were also employ
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pancreas can be diagnosed without t
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PANCREATIC PHYSIOLOGYSphincter <str
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acid profile and d
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hormones. The roles of</str
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ACUTE PANCREATITISAcute pancreatiti
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necrosis or a severe course, and lo
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of 245 cases <stro
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plasty of the mino
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no significant difference. The stro
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Urinary trypsinogen-2There is not a
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groups. None of th
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evaluated the presence or absence <
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adical, etc, further studies are st
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Precut at sphincterotomyPrecut is p
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indications [204].Hypercalcemia-ind
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanc
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(before ERCP), serum TAP was detect
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concentration and clinical symptoms
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However, the recipients of<
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less safe for predominantly cephali
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increased mortality. Mortality in p
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Epidemiology and demographyChinaCHR
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for the first time the significance
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endoscopic ultrasound accurately de
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possible to at least reduce relapse
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etiologies have been proposed and a
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patients, can be performed with mod
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negative binomial model. One hundre
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Halofuginone did n
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years, the risk of
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patients with a proven exocrine pan
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high-risk patients [296].Cystic fib
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TNF-alpha promoter were performed.
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were validated in another series <s
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vascular invasion (14/15). Abnormal
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and other lymph nodes, salivary gla
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HEREDITARY PANCREATITISPatients wit
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Classification of
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historically, but recent life-style
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carcinogen exposure with cancer ris
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the risk of pancre
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conducted a cohort analysis <strong
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emain to be solved in screening for
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considered for women with Lynch syn
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Annexin A5Protein misfolding is a c
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CTNNB1To use fluorescence in situ h
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expression was not associated with
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(ECM) are not fully understood. In
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lines. However, the role of
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andomized to high-dose vitamin A, t
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Synuclein-gammaPerineural invasion
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interventions. Cancer nests were ma
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the optimal combination of<
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which is essential in tumor and nod
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provide conclusive evidence for the
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MD-CT is suitable for evaluating tu
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approved study and imaged during sh
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Quantum dotsIt was reported the suc
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clearly have a very high incidence
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patients for operation and when cou
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demonstrated using the confocal mic
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cancer [468].To evaluate pancreatic
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pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The s
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safe option as an interposition gra
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a curative surgery, while double-by
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%), pseudocyst (3 %), and trauma (3
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procedure is failing to progress la
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Glucos metabolism after pancreatect
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Quality of lifeOne
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was observed in the NACRT group. Th
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interval 0.80 to 0.96]. On subgroup
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ate in patients with pancreatic can
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median survival time was 7 versus 7
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and the endoscopic ultrasound-guide
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local recurrence of</strong
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CurcuminCurcumin has been shown to
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size >1.5 cm (odds ratio 2.4), and
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adenocarcinoma must be addressed at
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Molecular biologyCD44v6The purpose
- Page 203 and 204: IPMN were studied. Two-dimensional
- Page 205 and 206: the NT-IPMN-Br group. Eleven patien
- Page 207 and 208: metastatic neoplasms showing cystic
- Page 209 and 210: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms <st
- Page 211 and 212: The tumor cells were negative for p
- Page 213 and 214: Duodenal tumorsColorectal polyposis
- Page 215 and 216: Colorectal carcinomaPancreatic meta
- Page 217 and 218: It was described a case of<
- Page 219 and 220: evaluation. The purpose of<
- Page 221 and 222: perforation of a p
- Page 223 and 224: the 28 had pancreatic duct injury <
- Page 225 and 226: ENDOCRINE PANCREATIC TUMORSHistoryA
- Page 227 and 228: 25-111 pg/mL). Mean Hemoglobin A1C
- Page 229 and 230: clinical features, misdiagnosis occ
- Page 231 and 232: achieved in selected cases by tissu
- Page 233 and 234: Overall survivalPancreatic neuroend
- Page 235 and 236: REFERENCES001. Metter CC. History <
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