● A report by David Graham Associates highlightingthe insularity of the British Television Industry andits focus on the domestic programme market ratherthan the international export market● A Campaign for Quality Television report on thedecline of the serious-issue documentary on ITV● Debate about the public service obligations ofChannel 4In addition it was an exceptional period for televisionnews. The Nato offensive on Kosovo put the newsroomson a ‘wartime’ footing, absorbing foreign programmeresources and unusually eclipsing domestic output. Thiscoincided with both the BBC and ITN overhauling theirdaily news programmes, as ITN lost News at Ten, and theBBC launched new viewer-friendly studio sets, titles andnewsreaders in response to extensive audience research.Shortly after, the untimely death of Jill Dando was apersonal shock and loss to a number of interviewees, anddrew news bulletins away from Kosovo to a storyexceptionally close to home.A further influence on interviewee responses can bethe research process itself. Some participants referred tothe fact that this was not an area they normally focusedon, and some of the questions were not ones they hadever addressed. This is not to suggest that theircontributions are any less valid, but it is a reminder of thewell-acknowledged fact that the process of research canin itself influence the outcome.G.I.4. Note on Audience ResearchInterviewees made extensive reference to audienceresearch, but two points should be noted in thisconnection.1) In the majority of cases these are general references.People were unwilling or unable to quote particularresearch. Where specific ratings or research werequoted, these are given.2) Audience research, though much-quoted, seems tocause some confusion.While Barb ratings are undoubtedly the major gaugeused in assessing the popularity of programmes,interviewees repeatedly expressed their scepticism aboutaudience research in general as a reliable means ofassessment. A senior executive at ITV admits to being“completely cynical about audience research”.It is widely considered that, while viewers can betrusted to accurately say which programmes they arewatching for Barb ratings, they are not to be trusted inother areas of audience research. It is thought that peopleare more likely to say they watch news and seriousdocumentaries than they are to put BLIND DATE at thetop of their list of favourites. It has apparently beendocumented that on one factual series, more people toldresearchers they watched than were recorded by Barb asactually watching.However the experience of Discovery Channel’saudience research has been that people do not go for‘aspirational’ answers, and freely admit to findingdocumentaries too dull and gloomy. As a result thechannel has re-positioned itself as a ‘factualentertainment’, as opposed to a documentary, channel.Several interviewees express concern that so muchweight is given by policy-makers to such an imprecisescience.G.I.5. AcknowledgementsThis report was made possible by the generous supportand assistance of television executives, producers andnews correspondents who agreed to be interviewed in spiteof their demanding schedules. The ready co-operation ofall levels of decision-maker, from producers andreporters to directors of programmes and controllers,greatly facilitated the research process and meant that aparticularly comprehensive range of experience could bedrawn upon.Particular thanks should also go to the InformationDepartment of the Department for InternationalDevelopment for launching the project, and to theirSteering Group of senior broadcasters from the BBC,ITN, Channel 4, Channel 5, and Discovery Channel, withthe ITC, for their support and advice.G.1.6. ParticipantsG.1.6.1. Policy-Makers/Commissioners (25)ALL PROGRAMMESAlan Yentob, Director of Television, BBCPeter Salmon, Controller, BBC-1Jane Root, Controller, BBC-2Adam MacDonald, Head of Scheduling, BBC TV.Bill Hilary, Head of Independent Commissioning Group,BBC TVDavid Liddiment, Director of Programmes, ITV NetworkDavid Bergg, Director of Planning and Strategy, ITVNetworkPeter McHugh, Director of Programmes, GMTVTim Gardam, Director of Programmes, Channel 4Rosemary Newell, Head of Programme Planning andStrategy, Channel 4DFID – July 2000 149
NEWSRichard Ayre, Deputy Chief Executive, BBC NewsVin Ray, Executive Editor Newsgathering, BBC TV (forRichard Sambrook)Steve Anderson, Controller, News, Current Affairs andReligion, ITV NetworkNigel Dacre, Editor of ITN News on ITV (and Exec. Prod.of Tonight)David Lloyd, Head of News, Current Affairs & Business,Channel 4Chris Shaw, Controller News, Current Affairs andDocumentaries, Channel 5Nick Pollard, Head of Sky NewsFEATURES AND DOCUMENTARIESAnne Morrison, Head of Features and Events, BBCJeremy Gibson, Head of Features, BBC BristolJoanna Clinton Davis, Factual Commissioning Editor,BBC TVGrant Mansfield, Controller Documentaries andFeatures ITV NetworkPeter Dale, Commissioning Editor, Documentaries,Channel 4Nick Comer-Calder, Snr. VP and General Manager,Discovery EuropeGiselle Burnett, Head of Programmes, NationalGeographicMo Joseph, Controller of Editorial and FactualProgrammes, Sky OneG.1.6.2. Programme-Makers (13)NEWSGeorge Alagiah, BBC TV NewsAl Anstey, Acting Head of Foreign News, ITN (for VickyKnighton)Robert Moore, Head Foreign Affairs Correspondent, ITNFEATURES AND DOCUMENTARIESJannine Waddell, Editor, Holiday, BBC TVAlex Holmes, Editor, Modern Times, BBC TVIan Stuttard, Producer, Documentaries and History,BBCJacqui Stephenson, Producer, Holiday, BBCSteve Hewlett, Director of Programmes, Carlton TVCharles Tremayne, Controller of Factual Programmes,Granada TVDavid Boardman, Researcher/Producer, ITVGeorge Carey, Director of Programmes, MentornBarraclough CareyAli Rashid, Real Life TVAndré Singer, Café ProductionsG.1.6.3. Programme DistributorsJane Balfour, Jane Balfour FilmsPaul Sowerbutts, Director of Progs, ITELG.1.6.4. Advertising/Advertising Sales DirectorsBjarne Thelin, Planning Director, Carlton UK SalesTony Hopewell Smith, Head of Audience Research,Carlton UK SalesGraham Hinton, Chairman, Bates UKG.2.G.2.1.General TrendsFiguresDoes television still have a role in informing peopleabout the developing world?Response from 25 policymakers and commissioningeditors, and 13 programme-makers:Yes No Don’t know38 0 0If so, where should that role be played out:mainstream popular channels or niche channels?Response from 25 policymakers and commissioningeditors, and 13 programme-makers:Mainstream Niche Should be mainstream,and niche only but I expect it will allmove to niche channels29 5 4Is there a place on your channel/in your output forprogrammes made in or about the developing world?Response from 25 policymakers and commissioningeditors:Yes Very occasionally No23 2 0Is there a place for hard development topics/issues inyour output?Response from 25 policymakers and commissioningeditors:Yes Just possible No17 3 5Do people want to watch output on the developingworld?Response from 25 policymakers and commissioningeditors, and 13 programme-makers:Yes10 28No/probably not150 DFID – July 2000
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issuesDFIDDepartmentforInternationa
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Introduction to the Three-Part Stud
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MethodologiesI. Content study condu
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III. Production study conducted by
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ContentsA. Key Findings 3A.1. Conte
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A. Key FindingsA.1.●●●●●
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B. SummariesB.1.Content Study(Glasg
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ulletins, followed by aid/developme
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travel/adventure programmes in the
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EXERCISE 4: COMIC RELIEFGroups were
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Cookery programmes seemed to bring
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Content and Audience Studies(Glasgo
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events. Jamaica featured only in sp
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Comparing Figures 1, 2 and 3 shows
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Figure 6: BBC coverage of the devel
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and Newsnight were also much more l
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Figure 1: Number of references made
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Newscaster: Well of course they may
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A fifth possible consequence of the
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American accusations of discriminat
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the desire of the small scale farme
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industry in considerable detail. Th
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statement made. The wide range and
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C.2.2.3. The Presidential elections
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The Newsnight report on the electio
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work in the South. Nobody will allo
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fashion, but they are not allowed t
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attack. Sky News reported, ‘It is
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There is little explanation of why
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these thugs which stated that they
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differentiated continent, with many
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ambassador, Humberto De La Calle wa
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say the government is doing nothing
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of the violence and civil war which
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education. The reporter then linked
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A significant section of BBC1’s s
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Although a range of countries are i
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pop stars supported a big campaign
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discussion of the total so far achi
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We’ve had a number of Britons ove
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the introduction to the feature, wi
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with the question he posed at the e
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numerous references to the improved
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public opinion was adverse to it an
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have a vested interest in the judge
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family are about to leave Nigeria f
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had helped orphaned children in Uga
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There are 100,000 widows in Rwanda
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victims without engendering a total
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minimum payments and the totals mus
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Programme title Channel Date Destin
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into. Little background information
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