SHAPING THE FUTURE HOW CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS CAN POWER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

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ABOUT ASIA-PACIFIC <strong>HUMAN</strong> <strong>DEVELOPMENT</strong> REPORTS For 25 years, the concept of human development has influenced discourse on international development. Putting people at the centre, human development has inspired policies, advocacy and actions to improve well-being. To better understand current development challenges and bring new ideas and solutions to the forefront, UNDP produces global, regional and national human development reports. The Asia-Pacific Human Development Report is a flagship publication of UNDP’s Regional Bureau of Asia and the Pacific. It focuses on common concerns for countries in the region, addresses challenges requiring national and regional responses, and encourages learning and knowledge-sharing. The report’s theme is developed through a regional participatory process that includes consultations with key stakeholders within and outside UNDP. The concept and structure of the report is based on guidance from a technical advisory group consisting of various UN agencies. Multistakeholder consultations with governments, the private sector, academia, civil society, and media are undertaken at various stages of preparation. The key authors consist of a core group of UNDP staff, who draw on internal analysis as well as technical background papers prepared by renowned experts. The draft report is shared with UNDP headquarters and country offices in Asia-Pacific, technical advisory group members, readers’ groups from different fields of work, and the UNDP regional communications team for their views and feedback. The review process is critical for quality assurance and helps to strengthen the report’s messages. The report is disseminated widely, helping to promote dialogue and bring together the people of Asia and the Pacific to accelerate human development and advocate for its messages across the globe. One Planet to Share Power, Voice and Tackling Corruption, Trade on Human Terms: Sustaining Human Progress Rights: Transforming Lives: Transforming Trade in a Changing Climate A Turning Point for Accelerating Human for Human Development Gender Equality in Asia Development in Asia and in Asia and the Pacific and the Pacific the Pacific
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ASIA-PACIFIC HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPO
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ASIA-PACIFIC HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPO
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FOREWORD We live in times of great
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Asia-Pacific H
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Table of Contents Foreword iii Pref
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1.15 Population age-composition is
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Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank
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Overview SHAPING THE FUTURE: HOW CH
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA-PACIFIC:
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FIGURE 2: Wealthier countries tend
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a strong emphasis on protecting wor
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could provide job matching assistan
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Asia-Pacific leave the workforce at
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WHAT’S AHEAD IN THIS REPORT This
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Chapter 1 HOW CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS
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sustainable, reaching everyone whil
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FIGURE 1.1: The Human Development I
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TABLE 1.1: Asia-Pacific still has l
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married couples to have children, a
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FIGURE 1.5: Population pyramids in
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FIGURE 1.8: The median age is high
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FIGURE 1.10: Disparities in fertili
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Improved overall human development
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TABLE 1.5: Countries in Asia-Pacifi
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“When relatively large generation
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38 Having fewer dependents on worki
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40 In developed Asia- Pacific, the
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TABLE 1.6: Demographic dividends fl
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44
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2. MORE PEOPLE AT WORK: THE FOUNDAT
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encouraged labour-intensive industr
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FIGURE 2.3: Peaks within subregions
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A DEMOGRAPHIC RETURN FOR HUMAN DEVE
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BOX 2.1: Women bear a larger burden
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FIGURE 2.8: Growth in labour produc
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WHAT’S BEEN LEARNED IN CHINA, JAP
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FIGURE 2.13: Japan is past its work
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FIGURE 2.15: Thailand still has tim
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make this a key aim of national dev
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investment climate, as well as enco
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TABLE 2.4: Shares of workers in the
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Even before leaving home, migrant w
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Promote health and safety at work:
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BOX 2.8: Malaysia transforms an ind
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of resilient infrastructure are joi
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Chapter 3 NURTURING CHILDREN, UNLOC
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Asia-Pacific is home to 1.7 billion
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Commendable progress in education m
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Quality primary education mitigates
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In most Asia-Pacific countries, sec
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Strong tertiary education is a buil
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FIGURE 3.3: Access to tertiary educ
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94 TABLE 3.9: Youth illiteracy has
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TABLE 3.11: Child mortality rates b
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BOX 3.7: Malnutrition and disabilit
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Despite social and economic progres
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FIGURE 3.8: The share of youth who
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104 Young migrants are highly vulne
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as an important challenge. But they
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TABLE 3.15: Some countries with lar
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Immunization saves children’s liv
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BOX 3.10: Germany’s vocational tr
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BOX 3.12: Partnering with youth in
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4. AGEING SOCIETIES: NEW OPPORTUNIT
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FIGURE 4.1: Asia-Pacific is one of
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TABLE 4.1: East Asia is the oldest
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BOX 4.2: Responses to poverty among
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BOX 4.3: A plan of action for older
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FIGURE 4.9: Per capita health-care
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BOX 4.5: China moves towards univer
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TABLE 4.3: Social pensions are an i
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FIGURE 4.12: Pension replacement ra
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BOX 4.7: Increasing links between p
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cupy space in some public buildings
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ment bodies, encourage regular inte
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BOX 4.9: Ageing countries begin enc
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help coordinate the work of other g
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for older people. Many advanced cou
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action. Free public transport, and
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Chapter 5 TAPPING THE HUMAN DYNAMIS
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In the last 30 years, Asia-Pacific
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FIGURE 5.3: Even countries with few
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FIGURE 5.6: Most people will contin
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160 Social, cultural and economic i
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The benefits of urbanization have n
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BOX 5.2: Pioneering urban poverty r
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vehicles on the road. Beijing issue
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Municipal governments in Asia-Pacif
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TABLE 5.4: Revenue mobilization opt
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172 City governments need to have t
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Investing in essential infrastructu
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176 in East Asian cities, and occur
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BOX 5.9: The Republic of Korea emba
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180
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6. AN AGENDA FOR ACTION: SHAPING TH
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Development Report argues, decent w
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with ministries overseeing youth, e
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This is an urgent priority in a reg
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SUSTAINING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACROSS
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plan automatically enrols people in
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BOX 6.3: Developing Delhi’s metro
Page 213 and 214: End Notes CHAPTER 1 1. UNFPA 2014b.
Page 215 and 216: 63. WHO 2014b. 64. UNFPA 2012. 65.
Page 217: produces 40 percent of total econom
Page 220 and 221: 206 The Asia Foundation. 2013. “T
Page 222 and 223: 208 CODI (Community Organizations D
Page 224 and 225: 210 Global Migration Group. 2014.
Page 226 and 227: 212 Janwani. 2010. “Annual Report
Page 228 and 229: 214 ———. 2012a. OECD Employme
Page 230 and 231: 216 ———. 2011. “Follow-up t
Page 232 and 233: 218 York. [www.unfpa.org/sites/defa
Page 234 and 235: ———. 2012c. Malaysia Economic
Page 236 and 237: tables include the Caribbean countr
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Page 240 and 241: TABLE 2: Trends in the Human Develo
Page 242 and 243: TABLE 4: Gender Inequality Index 22
Page 244 and 245: TABLE 6: Trends in income poverty,
Page 246 and 247: TABLE 8: Fertility rate and crude d
Page 248 and 249: TABLE 10: Trends and share of child
Page 250 and 251: TABLE 12: Trends and share of young
Page 252 and 253: TABLE 14: Trends and share of older
Page 254 and 255: TABLE 16: Education indicators and
Page 256 and 257: TABLE 17: Health indicators 242
Page 258 and 259: TABLE 18: Employment and unemployme
Page 260 and 261: TABLE 19: International trade, fina
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SHAPING THE FUTURE HOW CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS CAN POWER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

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