SHAPING THE FUTURE HOW CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS CAN POWER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
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sustainable, reaching everyone while ensuring that<br />
natural resources are not exhausted and planetary<br />
boundaries surpassed.<br />
The implications are increasingly urgent in light of<br />
the recently agreed Agenda 2030, which maps an<br />
ambitious global vision for sustainable development<br />
that must be translated into action in each<br />
country (Box 1.1). Countries will need to marshal<br />
all available resources, consider the most strategic<br />
mix of public investments, and explore all possible<br />
avenues—including those opened by demographic<br />
changes—to achieve the Sustainable Development<br />
Goals (SDGs).<br />
Most past work on demographic changes has<br />
addressed specific issues such as youth or ageing,<br />
working populations or urbanization. Less attention<br />
has been paid to taking an integrated approach<br />
and capturing the interplay between demography<br />
and human development. Even the United Nations,<br />
which for decades has led the world in chronicling<br />
demographic changes and championing accelerated<br />
human development, has not sufficiently<br />
advocated the importance of making connections<br />
between the two.<br />
But today, Asia-Pacific countries cannot afford<br />
to overlook the links. The age structures of their<br />
populations are rapidly shifting, and they are on<br />
the cusp of a transition with potentially profound<br />
impacts on labour markets, economic growth,<br />
savings and investment, education, health, social<br />
protection and the provision of public services—all<br />
with implications for human development.<br />
This Asia-Pacific Human Development Report<br />
takes up these issues. It considers the major demographic<br />
changes in the region today and in the near<br />
future, and major channels that link these to human<br />
development. It assesses whether or not countries<br />
have adequate and appropriate mechanisms to<br />
manage different elements of demographic changes,<br />
such as to absorb potentially huge gains from<br />
a large working-age population, or to strengthen<br />
old-age support systems for growing numbers of<br />
elderly people. It probes the issues of historically<br />
rapid urbanization and migration, both of which<br />
result from and also influence demographic changes.<br />
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