CASE STUDIES FROM AFRICA

creative goods were greatly at odds with the much smaller figures available from
UNCTADstat. 44
Table 22: Contribution of Culture to GDP (2009)
Value Added
(CFAF/XOF)
Value Added
(Euros)
Relative Share of GDP
(%)
Visual arts, applied arts, and crafts 54,391,000,000 82,918,545 1.38
Books and press 11,490,000,000 17,516,392 0.29
Heritage 3,201,000,000 4,879,893 0.08
Cinema and audiovisual media 3,402,000,000 5,186,316 0.09
Performing arts 3,586,000,000 5,466,822 0.09
Music and sound recording 1,035,000,000 1,577,847 0.03
Cultural events 811,000,000 1,236,362 0.02
Training and advisory support 1,751,000,000 2,669,382 0.04
Cultural sector 79,667,000,000 121,451,559 2.02
Total GDP 3,941,000,000,000 6,008,015,769
Source: BBEAC (2012).
Little was said in the BBEAC survey about the relatively high share of visual arts and crafts that
mostly represent the production and sale of cultural goods. In total, the cultural sector was
estimated to account for 2.02% of the GDP in 2009.
Cross-Border Trade in Cultural Services
Imports of cultural goods were evaluated at CFAF 143 billion in 2011 (or some € 218 million),
while exports were limited to CFAF 13 billion (€ 20 million). 45 However, no data were available
regarding the trade in cultural services.
Table 23: Modes of Supply for the Cultural Services Providers
Mode of Supply
Share of Interviewed Stakeholders
Doing Business in this Mode of
Supply
Average International
Contribution to Each Mode of
Exports 46
Cross-border trade in services (Mode
25% 35%
1)
Consumption abroad (Mode 2) 70% 10–15%
Commercial presence (Mode 3) 11% 50%
Movement of natural persons (Mode 4) 55% 1–2%
Source: Authors.
44
De Beukelaer, Christiaan. 2013. “Culture and Development in Burkina Faso: Social and Economic Impacts
Explored.” Cultural Trends 22 (3-4) (December): 250–258. De Beukelaer makes the comparison in U.S. dollars,
providing the BBEAC figure as US$ 26 million and the UNCTADstat figure as US$ 2.3 million (citing
UNCTADstat, 2012: unctad.org/en/Pages/Statistics.aspx).
45
BBEAC (2012). Op. cit.
46
Soprana, Marta (2011). Services Exports and Developing Countries: Competitiveness Challenges According to
Mode of Supply. World Trade Institute. Thesis.
243