CASE STUDIES FROM AFRICA

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well as skills in managing development in a sustainable fashion to make a lasting contribution to the global standards set by the Millennium Goals Initiative. 64 Strategic Capacity Building Programmes in e-Learning VUU has deliberate collaborations with Ugandan universities to assist them in ‘making the jump from brick to click’ by embracing online delivery of academic programmes and courses (including undergraduate courses). VUU collaborates with four Ugandan public universities— Gulu, Busitema, Muni, and Mbarara University of Science and Technology. VUU offers a number of courses tailored to suit the online transition needs of the universities with which it collaborates. The courses are Moodle Management for Senior University Administrators, Online Teaching Using Moodle for University Lecturers, and Cloud-Based Management Systems for University Administrators, amongst others. Moodle Management for Senior University Administrators This capacity building course targets computer-literate senior university administrators responsible for continuous content delivery for online courses. Administrators learn the technicalities of advanced content provision online, including setting up examinations, quizzes, forums, and wikis; how to work closely with the academic staff tutoring the courses or providing content to improve the students’ online learning experience; how to provide online student support; and how to set up course libraries using open access materials; amongst others. Moodle managers trained by VUU attend a week-long, in-house session at VUU and continue training online for a further two weeks, receiving a Certificate in Moodle Administration at the end. Online Teaching Using Moodle for University Lecturers This course offers interested lecturers an opportunity to hone their teaching skills in an online environment. Tutors learn how to tailor their existing content for online delivery. This includes managing the learning environment as an ‘editing’ or ‘non-editing’ lecturer; participating in wiki’s and discussion forums; setting, marking, and commenting on assignments and examinations; and setting up chat sessions with students. Those who complete the programme are awarded a Certificate in Moodle Teaching at University Level. Cloud-Based Management Systems for University Administrators. The course provides instruction in using simple, affordable cloud-based applications (off the shelf and freely available) to transform a department into a paperless environment with immediate, seamless communication and information sharing. Using cloud-based university management systems makes it possible for minutes of staff meetings, boards, and senates; notices; timetables; and other information to be uploaded as PDFs to specially customised and easy-to-manage websites with instantaneous access. 64 Also visit www.virtualuni.ac.ug 335
Using Social Media for University Public Relations. This programme is tailored for university public relations officers and individuals responsible for the dissemination of official information for their institutions. Participants in this programme are taught how to set up, customise, and manage official social media pages on Facebook, Twitter, Google accounts, and blogs. In addition, they learn how to maximise their online presence using inexpensive target ads on Facebook and Google Ads. Policy Recommendations This report has shown that although Uganda has traditionally enjoyed many advantages and has been known as a centre of excellence for university education in the East African region for many years, it is currently facing several critical challenges to this position. Increasingly, students are being drawn from regions further afield, posing new types of problems in terms of their integration into Uganda’s educational system. The report has identified and documented several reasons for this situation. These include a lack of financial support of the government of Uganda for the educational sector, as well as the failure to implement the policies that have been developed in order to actively support the expansion of exports of higher education by Ugandan universities, whether public or private. Official statements of intent for priority treatment of the sector have not been translated into concrete policy actions. On the contrary, the report has shown that expenditure on education by the government has continuously declined and is now considerably lower than in the other EAC countries other than Tanzania. In contrast to Kenya and Rwanda, which have been actively pursuing support policies for higher education, Uganda has stood still. Thus both university facilities and infrastructure for student housing as well as teacher salaries, have stagnated and declined in relative terms in Uganda, thus negating the relative advantage of Uganda in lower tuition costs. The lack of high-speed Internet connectivity has also been crippling to the development and expansion of Uganda’s education exports. Universities are still waiting for government support in the area of Internet development and the provision of high-speed cable. Because of the lack of IT development and web connectivity, currently there are no cross-border distance learning programmes being provided by Ugandan universities, which are thus lagging considerably behind in this area. Whilst still relatively strong, Uganda’s traditional advantages in the sector of higher education appear to be seriously under threat. This section sets out policy recommendations for the sector, based on the information obtained in the numerous interviews in the field with officials and administrators at several of Uganda’s universities, as well as with the NCHE. These are set out with the intention that they will serve as a wake-up call for those with regulatory and decisionmaking responsibility in this important sector, and with the intention of providing suggestions on potential best practices for other governments in Africa that may wish to develop their tertiary educational institutions both to contribute to their economic development and to enhance their export possibilities. 336
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SERVICES EXPORTS FOR GROWTH AND DEV
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CONTENTS Acronyms and Abbreviations
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACP ADC
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FESPACO Festival Panafricain du Cin
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TVET TWA UACE UAE UBA UCL UEMOA UEP
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Each of the five case studies was t
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xiv
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Scope and Coverage of Case Studies
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transferring technology, skills, an
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Government Policies that Made a Dif
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availability of hotel accommodation
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2. Successful exports in one mode o
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TYPOLOGY OF FOUR MODES OF EXPORTING
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areas of the service, for example,
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to become the market leader in the
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Data from international organisatio
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Figure 1: Share of Services Subsect
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Figure 2: Structural Decomposition
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Air Transport Services Coverage in
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GTP on Air Transport Services Regar
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Table 6: Aviation Sector Performanc
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Ethiopia’s consideration of the s
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Definition Selected for This Study
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Boeing 767-200ER. EAL made history
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other construction and navigation f
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Market Structure International pass
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Ethiopian destinations. Revenue gen
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tourism, as well as the transaction
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independently, and are intermediate
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Table 10: Strengths, Weaknesses, Op
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Yamoussoukro Decision, the guidelin
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Geographical Positioning and Human
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EAL has remained flexible when nece
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South Africa, Zambia, and Tanzania.
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Bibliography Abeyratne, Ruwantissa
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Ethiopian Ministry of Finance and E
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Annex 1: Questionnaire Used for the
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Annex 2: Pictorial Representations
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64
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3. BANKING SERVICES: A CASE STUDY O
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institutions are in charge of servi
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witnessed a decline between 2007 an
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hand, the eight countries of the Un
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(f) Evaluate the opportunities for
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significant share of services outpu
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Nigeria has several natural and cul
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Sector Male Female Total Activities
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Annex 3 (Table A1) also shows the a
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Sector Industrial Sector Energy Tou
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matters regarding trade negotiation
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to the changes in interest rates by
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hoped that these activities will ra
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economic controls. Specifically, th
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Resuscitation and enforcement of do
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All financial institutions require
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Current Banking Services Activities
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Bank Total Assets Foreign Locations
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1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973
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is a membership-driven institute wh
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Table 17: CIBN Membership Statistic
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Table 20: Share of Banks’ Profit
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2009, it increased after conditions
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Contribution of Banking Services to
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Year Agriculture Manufacturing Serv
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Figure 5: Percentage Growth of UBA
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generally suggests that the growth
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epresentative offices in Beijing, D
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1989 16. Ecobank Côte d’Ivoire a
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Figure 13: Percentage Growth of ETI
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premiums on conversion of local cur
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and technology driven. 62 Therefore
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From previous reforms, to the 2005
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come to dominate the system in the
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In conclusion, it may not be as mea
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BGL Research. Getting Banks to Lend
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Musuku, Thilasoni, et al. Increasin
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Business Day. ‘Ghana Approves Tak
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Annex 2: List of Services Imported
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Table A2: Share of Services Value A
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Table A3: Share of Services Value A
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Table A4: Nigeria’s Trade in Serv
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Table A8: Total Number of Employees
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Information Systems, Networks and I
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enterprises. Preferences may includ
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Growth Rate (%) Share of GDP (%) Fi
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Table 1: Examples of Approved Proje
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principles included in the WTO Tele
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Layer 2 includes telecommunications
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firms involved in the wholesale/ret
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Figure 4: Cross-border Exports of
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9 days. Thus the application of ICT
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software; system integration; compu
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years’ experience in BPO in Seneg
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3. Proactive policies in services,
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Due to labour shortages for young g
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Institutions When it comes to servi
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Financial Attractiveness Other fact
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Proactive Policies to Promote Expor
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Table 13: SWOT Analysis: Senegal as
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promote more coherent efforts in su
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Bibliography ANDS. Second Follow-up
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Annex 1: Evaluation Framework for t
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Annex 3: Standards and Certificatio
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Sectors or Subsectors Mobile cellul
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Annex 5: Short Version of the Quest
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1. Is the classification system use
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5. CULTURAL INDUSTRIES: A CASE STUD
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will help generate new opportunitie
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Mode 4, Presence of Natural Persons
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(d) Evaluate the factors that have
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Organisation of the Report The pres
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Percent Table 2: Balance of Service
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(notably the balance of payments) c
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With the exception of the travel co
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goods and products that are not ban
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Table 7: Involved Private and Publi
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particular. Because cultural produc
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copyrights 25 ), artistic expressio
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Ministers of Culture to endorse the
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Categories of Members 2000 2001 200
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lack of funding, a high level of di
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Success Story: Biz’Art Production
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Success Story: Cartel 38 Aware of t
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museums are currently operated comm
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Market Structure Providing adequate
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Human Capital Formation The continu
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creative goods were greatly at odds
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Figure 5: Different Types of Cultur
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The fees paid by the advertisers (c
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Estimated Employment Generated by C
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Table 30: Exports of Artefacts and
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more visitors than FESTIMA. From th
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impact of these imports on the bala
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Exports Total % Main Export Market
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First, the lack of available data a
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Moreover, the unequal distribution
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telecommunication networks), and in
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improve and support the development
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Inclusion of Cultural Services in E
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To ensure the provision of financia
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To improve market intelligence and
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Table 41: Practical Tools for the P
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Competitiveness Issues associations
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Competitiveness Issues services sec
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Bibliography Articles and Books CE,
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Paugam, J.M. (2013). Trade in Servi
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Table 45: Distribution of Cultural
Page 300 and 301: Annex 2: Questionnaire for the Priv
Page 302 and 303: 3.2 Pour les festivals / Musées et
Page 304 and 305: 4.2 Les ressources humaines qualifi
Page 306: Une règlementation en terme de dro
Page 309 and 310: There are factors which have favore
Page 311 and 312: The UN’s Provisional Central Prod
Page 313 and 314: Because education is designated as
Page 315 and 316: Global and Regional Trends in Trans
Page 317 and 318: (a) joint degrees between different
Page 319 and 320: education services imports. Accordi
Page 321 and 322: 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Finan
Page 323 and 324: Services Sector Export Strategy As
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Page 327 and 328: improvement measures in delivering
Page 329 and 330: state of Kenya, Tanzania, and Ugand
Page 331 and 332: Figure 2: Enrolment of Foreign Stud
Page 333 and 334: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunitie
Page 335 and 336: tended to attract more students loc
Page 337 and 338: total government expenditure, publi
Page 339 and 340: Uganda’s declining market share o
Page 341 and 342: management processes leading to inc
Page 343 and 344: educational cooperation between Uga
Page 345 and 346: Uganda Christian University Uganda
Page 347 and 348: the university closer to its foreig
Page 349: At present there are no internation
Page 353 and 354: 338 6) Grant all universities disco
Page 355 and 356: Bibliography Alpen Capital. GCC Edu
Page 357 and 358: Tierney, William G., and Findlay, C
Page 359 and 360: Name of Institution Address Details
Page 361 and 362: iii. Students from outside Africa _
Page 363 and 364: 9. Does your institution collaborat
Page 365 and 366: If so please elaborate below. _____
Page 368 and 369: AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES Abiodun Surajude
Page 370 and 371: awareness of the relationships amon
Page 372: African Union Headquarters P.O. Box
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CASE STUDIES FROM AFRICA

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