Future of an Ageing Population

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Future of an Ageing Population | Key Findings address health, work and care challenges, and help people unlock the potential benefits of living longer. Barriers include a lack of skills and access, cost, and older people’s assumptions about technology’s usefulness and affordability. A coherent response to ageing The ageing population presents real opportunities. However, there are challenges, and ignoring these could undermine the potential benefits of living longer. This report combines evidence about today’s older people with future trends and projections to identify the most critical implications of the ageing population for government policy and the socio-economic resilience of the UK. The following principles will help to ensure a coherent response to ageing: • The future success and resilience of the UK will be determined in a large part by its ageing population. Nowhere is this more apparent than the productivity of the UK workforce, which will see a major increase in the number of workers aged 50 and above. The effect of an ageing population on health and care services will likewise have a major impact on the UK. • Issues cannot be addressed in silos. For example, the productivity of the ageing population will be influenced by the skills and health of older workers, competing family care responsibilities, and connectivity. A co-ordinated response is likely to be more successful than addressing issues in isolation. • Most domestic policy areas will be affected by the ageing population. Beyond the expected, such as health and care, this report illustrates that a wide-range of policy areas will be affected, including housing, transport, infrastructure and technology. • Factors throughout an individual’s lifetime affect how they age. To improve outcomes for people as they age – whether in skills, health, employability, housing and assets to fund retirement – requires interventions from an early age, and an understanding of the impact of policies through the life course. • Regional variation must be understood. Connectivity challenges will differ between urban and rural areas, while different home ownership levels around the country will create regional differences in older people’s financial assets and the support they need. There are also important differences between how the devolved administrations will experience ageing. This project has produced an online tool to map the different characteristics of ageing across the UK (see Box B). P12
Box A: Perceptions of youth and old age across Europe The European Social Survey analysed perceptions of youth and old age across Europe. It found that perceptions of old age vary considerably between countries. In the UK, old age is perceived to begin at 59 – the second youngest of the countries surveyed. Youth is perceived to end at 35 – again earlier than most countries, and far younger than in Cyprus or Greece where 52 is regarded as young. Age (years) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 59 60 60 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 64 64 64 65 66 67 68 55 52 52 34 35 40 39 44 47 44 40 39 42 44 44 43 44 44 40 39 42 39 35 38 41 43 34 34 35 0 Turkey UK Czech Rep Croatia Slovakia Estonia Hungary Finland Romania Germany Spain Sweden Latvia Ukraine Bulgaria Netherlands France Norway Belgium Slovenia Poland Denmark Russia Portugal Swizerland Israel Cyprus Greece Country Perception of life stage transition: End of youth Start of old age Survey of 54,988 people aged 15+ across Europe Figure A: Perceived age at which youth ends and old age starts 1 . P13
Page 1 and 2: Future of an Ageing Population P1
Page 3 and 4: Foreword People in the UK are livin
Page 5 and 6: The Government Office for Science w
Page 7 and 8: Learning and training will become o
Page 9 and 10: across different socio-economic gro
Page 11: Priorities include: • Adapting he
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Page 17 and 18: • Keating, N , Kwan, D., Hillcoat
Page 19 and 20: Population ageing refers to a chang
Page 21 and 22: 70 95 Life expectancy at birth (yea
Page 23 and 24: Increased life expectancy is the re
Page 25 and 26: Work Population ageing, combined wi
Page 27 and 28: Box 1.3: Pension landscape People w
Page 29 and 30: 2.1 Longer working lives Working la
Page 31 and 32: 100 80 Employment rate (%) 60 40 20
Page 33 and 34: However, there is evidence that the
Page 35 and 36: Country Turkey Denmark Bulgaria Cyp
Page 37 and 38: 50 Percentage of people (%) 40 30 2
Page 39 and 40: Box 2.1: Special circumstances rela
Page 41 and 42: and learning faced by older people.
Page 43 and 44: 3.1 Lifelong learning to enhance me
Page 45 and 46: and numerical skills. People withou
Page 47 and 48: smaller proportion of men of any ag
Page 49 and 50: Policy Implication Participation in
Page 51 and 52: 4.1 Changing demand for housing In
Page 53 and 54: 30 Number of homes built (thousands
Page 55 and 56: younger people who commit to provid
Page 57 and 58: 4.3 The importance of the wider nei
Page 59 and 60: International Case Study: De Hogewe
Page 61 and 62: 5 Number of people (millions) 4 3 2
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Policy Implication Many of today’
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5.1 Family trends occurring in para
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100 90 80 Unweighted data Weighted
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In general, evidence suggests that
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5.4 The impact of ageing and ‘ver
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Age (years) 65+ Care receipt 2007 2
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approach overlooks interdependencie
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6.1 Changing health and care needs
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Social isolation affects 7-17% of o
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transfer of care into the community
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combine health and social care skil
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6.4 Medical and assistive technolog
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can apply for benefits. Application
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7.1 Benefits of connectivity Connec
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Travel habits change over the life
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Policy Implication Different age gr
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100 Proportion of respondents who u
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Percentage of internet non-users (T
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Policy Implication Virtual connecti
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The response to an ageing populatio
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ced impact ess, including rm condit
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Term Accredited training Age struct
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Morbidity rate Multi-morbidity Non-
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P109
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1 DWP (2011) Predictors of attitude
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36 ONS (2016) Regional labour marke
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71 Eurostat (2014) Table: Individua
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107 Sugiyama, T. and Ward Thompson,
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147 Harper, S. (2016), Population A
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183 O’Reilly, D. et al. (2015) Ca
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219 Burton, E. and Mitchell, L. (20
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Future of an Ageing Population

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