Future of an Ageing Population

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Future of an Ageing Population | Working Lives 90 80 70 Employment rate (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 70 74 78 82 Age of respondent (years) Employment type: Self-employed Employees Total employment Survey of residents aged 10+ of 40,000 households Figure 2.1: Employment rate by type of employment and by age in the UK, 2014 26 . The UK’s employment rates for older people are around the average for OECD countries (see Figure 2.2), although the trend has been downwards in the last decade. PricewaterhouseCoopers calculate that the UK’s GDP would have been 5.4%, or approximately £100 billion higher between 2003 and 2013 if we had the same level of older worker employment as Sweden 27 . Although a degree of uncertainty surrounds such evidence and the macroeconomic consequences of it, it is likely that prolonging working lives could bring significant benefits to the UK. Importantly, evidence suggests that retaining people aged 50 and over in employment does not mean fewer jobs for young people whose employment prospects actually rise as the number of older people increases 28 . Longer working lives could also reduce the welfare bill 29 . There are 2.9 million people out of work aged between 50 and SPA, and in 2014 the government was spending around £7 billion on out-of-work benefits for people in this age bracket 30 . P30
100 80 Employment rate (%) 60 40 20 0 Iceland New Zealand Sweden Norway Japan Switzerland Israel South Korea Chile USA Estonia Germany Australia Canada Great Britain Netherlands Mexico Denmark Finland Ireland Portugal Spain Czech Republic Italy Turkey Poland France Greece Belarus Austria Luxembourg Slovak Republic Hungary Slovenia Country Employment rate by age group (years): 55-59 60-64 65-69 Difference between employment rates: 55-59 and 60-64 60-64 and 65-69 Figure 2.2: Employment rates of older people by age group for OECD countries, 2014 31 . Policy Implication Longer working lives bring significant benefits to individuals, employers and wider society. Many of the benefits are non-financial, including cognitive and health benefits if work is appropriate in its nature. 2.2 Differences in the length of working lives Employment rates among both older men and older women have increased since the mid-1990s (see Figure 2.3), although older male employment rates are still lower than in the early 1970s G . Many sectors, such as transport, manufacturing and construction, have already seen an increase in the average age of their workforce 32 . G This is because of the recessions in the early 1980s and, to a lesser extent, the early 1990s. These had a particularly large and lasting effect on the employment of older men, who are less likely to return to the labour market once they have left it. P31
Page 1 and 2: Future of an Ageing Population P1
Page 3 and 4: Foreword People in the UK are livin
Page 5 and 6: The Government Office for Science w
Page 7 and 8: Learning and training will become o
Page 9 and 10: across different socio-economic gro
Page 11 and 12: Priorities include: • Adapting he
Page 13 and 14: Box A: Perceptions of youth and old
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Page 17 and 18: • Keating, N , Kwan, D., Hillcoat
Page 19 and 20: Population ageing refers to a chang
Page 21 and 22: 70 95 Life expectancy at birth (yea
Page 23 and 24: Increased life expectancy is the re
Page 25 and 26: Work Population ageing, combined wi
Page 27 and 28: Box 1.3: Pension landscape People w
Page 29: 2.1 Longer working lives Working la
Page 33 and 34: However, there is evidence that the
Page 35 and 36: Country Turkey Denmark Bulgaria Cyp
Page 37 and 38: 50 Percentage of people (%) 40 30 2
Page 39 and 40: Box 2.1: Special circumstances rela
Page 41 and 42: and learning faced by older people.
Page 43 and 44: 3.1 Lifelong learning to enhance me
Page 45 and 46: and numerical skills. People withou
Page 47 and 48: smaller proportion of men of any ag
Page 49 and 50: Policy Implication Participation in
Page 51 and 52: 4.1 Changing demand for housing In
Page 53 and 54: 30 Number of homes built (thousands
Page 55 and 56: younger people who commit to provid
Page 57 and 58: 4.3 The importance of the wider nei
Page 59 and 60: International Case Study: De Hogewe
Page 61 and 62: 5 Number of people (millions) 4 3 2
Page 63 and 64: Policy Implication Many of today’
Page 65 and 66: 5.1 Family trends occurring in para
Page 67 and 68: 100 90 80 Unweighted data Weighted
Page 69 and 70: In general, evidence suggests that
Page 71 and 72: 5.4 The impact of ageing and ‘ver
Page 73 and 74: Age (years) 65+ Care receipt 2007 2
Page 75 and 76: approach overlooks interdependencie
Page 77 and 78: 6.1 Changing health and care needs
Page 79 and 80: Social isolation affects 7-17% of o
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transfer of care into the community
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combine health and social care skil
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6.4 Medical and assistive technolog
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can apply for benefits. Application
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7.1 Benefits of connectivity Connec
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Travel habits change over the life
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Policy Implication Different age gr
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100 Proportion of respondents who u
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Percentage of internet non-users (T
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Policy Implication Virtual connecti
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The response to an ageing populatio
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ced impact ess, including rm condit
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Term Accredited training Age struct
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Morbidity rate Multi-morbidity Non-
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P109
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1 DWP (2011) Predictors of attitude
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36 ONS (2016) Regional labour marke
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71 Eurostat (2014) Table: Individua
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107 Sugiyama, T. and Ward Thompson,
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147 Harper, S. (2016), Population A
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183 O’Reilly, D. et al. (2015) Ca
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219 Burton, E. and Mitchell, L. (20
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Future of an Ageing Population

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