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8.7:<br />

∆p<br />

∆t<br />

( 0.0450 kg)( 25.0 m s)<br />

= −3 = 563 N. The weight of the ball is less than half a newton, so the<br />

2.00×<br />

10<br />

s<br />

weight is not significant while the ball and club are in contact.<br />

8.8: a) The magnitude of the velocity has changed by<br />

( 45 .0 m s) − ( − 55.0 m s) = 100.0 m s,<br />

and so the magnitude of the change of momentum<br />

is ( 0.145 kg) (100.0 m s) = 14.500 kg m s, to three figures. This is also the magnitude of<br />

the impulse. b) From Eq. (8.8), the magnitude of the average applied force is<br />

14.500 kg.m/s<br />

=7.25×<br />

10 3 N.<br />

−3<br />

2.00×<br />

10 s<br />

8.9: a) Considering the +x-components,<br />

p2 = p1<br />

+ J = (0.16 kg)(3.00 m s) + (25.0 N) × (0.05 s) = 1.73 kg ⋅ m s, and the velocity is<br />

10.8 m s in the +x-direction. b) p 2<br />

= 0.48 kg ⋅ m s + (–12.0 N)(0.05 s) = –0.12<br />

kg ⋅ m s , and the velocity is +0.75 m s in the –x-direction.<br />

8.10: a) F r t=(1.04 × 10 kg m s)<br />

)<br />

5 ⋅ j . b) (1.04× 10 5 kg ⋅ m s) ĵ .<br />

5<br />

( 1.04×<br />

10 kg. m<br />

s )<br />

c) ˆj<br />

= (1.10 m s) ˆj<br />

.<br />

(95,000 kg)<br />

d) The initial velocity of the shuttle is not known; the<br />

change in the square of the speed is not the square of the change of the speed.

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