11.11.2019 Views

Marketing_Management_14th_Edition-min

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

420 PART 6 DELIVERING VALUE<br />

Bowflex fitness equipment is sold<br />

through a variety of channels.<br />

Channel Levels<br />

The producer and the final customer are part of every channel. We will use the number of intermediary<br />

levels to designate the length of a channel. Figure 15.2(a) illustrates several consumergoods<br />

marketing channels of different lengths.<br />

A zero-level channel, also called a direct marketing channel, consists of a manufacturer selling<br />

directly to the final customer. The major examples are door-to-door sales, home parties, mail<br />

order, telemarketing, TV selling, Internet selling, and manufacturer-owned stores. Traditionally,<br />

Avon sales representatives sell cosmetics door-to-door; Franklin Mint sells collectibles through<br />

mail order; Verizon uses the telephone to prospect for new customers or to sell enhanced services<br />

to existing customers; Time-Life sells music and video collections through TV commercials or<br />

(a) Consumer <strong>Marketing</strong> Channels<br />

(b) Industrial <strong>Marketing</strong> Channels<br />

0-level<br />

1-level<br />

2-level<br />

3-level<br />

0-level<br />

1-level<br />

2-level<br />

3-level<br />

Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer<br />

Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer<br />

Wholesaler<br />

Wholesaler<br />

Manufacturer's<br />

representative<br />

Manufacturer's<br />

sales branch<br />

Jobber<br />

Retailer<br />

Retailer<br />

Retailer<br />

Industrial<br />

distributors<br />

Consumer Consumer Consumer Consumer<br />

Industrial<br />

customer<br />

Industrial<br />

customer<br />

Industrial<br />

customer<br />

Industrial<br />

customer<br />

|Fig. 15.2|<br />

Consumer and Industrial <strong>Marketing</strong> Channels

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!